{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T23:02:23Z","timestamp":1783465343385,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600214400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-01183-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T12:02:58Z","timestamp":1600257778000},"page":"1930-1936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction: results of a national survey of paediatric and oculoplastic ophthalmologists"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Vidushi","family":"Golash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4680-0447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarju","family":"Athwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9427-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebiye","family":"Chakartash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masara","family":"Laginaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Khandwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1183_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/4.5.325","volume":"4","author":"WN Clarke","year":"1999","unstructured":"Clarke WN. The child with epiphora. Paediatr Child Health. 1999;4:325\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pch\/4.5.325.","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"1183_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1991.103","volume":"5","author":"CJ MacEwen","year":"1991","unstructured":"MacEwen CJ, Young JDH. Epiphora in the first year of life. Eye. 1991;5:596\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.1991.103.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"1183_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.3841","volume":"136","author":"S Sathiamoorthi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sathiamoorthi S, Frank RD, Mohney BG. Spontaneous resolution and timing of intervention in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018;136:1281\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.3841.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1183_CR4","first-page":"60","volume":"9","author":"S Perveen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Perveen S, Sufi AR, Rashid S, Khan A. Success rate of probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction at various ages. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2014;9:60\u20139.","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res"},{"key":"1183_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-8531(98)90112-4","volume":"2","author":"BJ Kuschner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kuschner BJ. The management of naso-lacrimal duct obstruction in children between 18 months and 4 years old. J AAPOS. 1998;2:57\u201360.","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"1183_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)97038-5","volume":"105","author":"RM Robb","year":"1998","unstructured":"Robb RM. Success rate of nasolacrimal duct probing at time intervals after 1 year of age. Ophthalmology. 1998;105:1308\u201310.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1183_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20100308-04","volume":"47","author":"N Puvanachandra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Puvanachandra N, Trikha S, MacEwen C. A national survey of the management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in the United Kingdom. J Pedatr Ophthalmol. 2010;47:76\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01913913-20100308-04.","journal-title":"J Pedatr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1183_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.190101","volume":"64","author":"VA Ramkumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ramkumar VA, Agarkar S, Mukherjee B. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction: does it really increase the risk of amblyopia in children? Indian J Ophthalmol. 2016;64:496\u20139.","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1183_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina54010006","volume":"54","author":"V Mocanu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mocanu V, Horhat R. Prevalence and risk factors of amblyopia among refractive errors in an Eastern European population. Medicina (Kaunas). 2018;54:6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina54010006.","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"1183_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2643-1","volume":"252","author":"B Eshraghi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eshraghi B, Akbari MR, Fard MA, Shahsanaei A, Assari R, Mirmohammadsadeghi A. The prevalence of amblyogenic factors in children with persistent congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014;252:1847\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-014-2643-1.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1183_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo_77_17","volume":"8","author":"AA Saleem","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saleem AA, Siddiqui SN, Wakeel U, Asif M. Anisometropia and refractive status in children with unilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Taiwan J Ophthalmol. 2018;8:31\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/tjo.tjo_77_17.","journal-title":"Taiwan J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1183_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_245_16","volume":"65","author":"M Kothari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kothari M, Rathod V, Shah K, Shikhangi K, Singhania R. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction: should we continue lacrimal massage till 1 year or perform an office probing at 6 months? A clinical decision analysis approach. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2017;65:167\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_245_16.","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1183_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2013.10.016","volume":"18","author":"AM Miller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miller AM, Chandler DL, Repka MX, Hoover DL, Lee KA, Melia M, et al. Office probing for treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants. J AAPOS. 2014;18:26\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaapos.2013.10.016.","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"1183_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1080\/08820538.2017.1284872","volume":"33","author":"A Galindo-Ferreiro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Galindo-Ferreiro A, Khandekar R, Akaishi PM, Cruz A, G\u00e1lvez-Ruiz A, Dolmetsch A, et al. Success rates of endoscopic-assisted probing compared to conventional probing in children 48 months or older. Semin Ophthalmol. 2018;33:435\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08820538.2017.1284872.","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1183_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2478\/folmed-2018-0054","volume":"61","author":"KP Valcheva","year":"2019","unstructured":"Valcheva KP, Murgova SV, Krivoshiiska EK. Success rate of probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2019;61:97\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/folmed-2018-0054.","journal-title":"Folia Med (Plovdiv)"},{"key":"1183_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2017.1383483","volume":"37","author":"N Gupta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gupta N, Neeraj C, Smriti B, Sima D. A comparison of the success rates of endoscopic-assisted probing in the treatment of membranous congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction between younger and older children and its correlation with the thickness of the membrane at the Valve of Hasner. Orbit. 2018;37:257\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01676830.2017.1383483.","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"1183_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2017.1337168","volume":"36","author":"W Chan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chan W, Wilcsek G, Ghabrial R, Goldberg RA, Dolman P, Selva D, et al. Pediatric endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: a multicenter series of 116 cases. Orbit. 2017;36:311\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01676830.2017.1337168.","journal-title":"Orbit."},{"key":"1183_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.03.015","volume":"74","author":"P Kom\u00ednek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kom\u00ednek P, Cervenka S, Matousek P, Pniak T, Zelen\u00edk K. Primary pediatric endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy-a review of 58 procedures. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;74:661\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.03.015.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"1183_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1700-2","volume":"249","author":"P Kom\u00ednek","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kom\u00ednek P, Cervenka S, Pniak T, Zelen\u00edk K, Tom\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e1 H, Matou\u0161ek P. Monocanalicular versus bicanalicular intubation in the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2011;249:1729\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-011-1700-2.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-020-01183-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-020-01183-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-020-01183-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T23:21:19Z","timestamp":1631748079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-020-01183-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-020-01183-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-222X","1476-5454"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-222X","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5454","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}