{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:14:17Z","timestamp":1771661657004,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This paper looks at patients with a diagnosis of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) presenting to the Northern Ireland regional adult and paediatric uveitis service in the Belfast Health and Social Care Trust. The demographic distribution, treatment required and the visual and renal outcomes of these patients are documented.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data were collected retrospectively on 24 patients with TINU using the Northern Ireland Electronic Care Record, central pathology records alongside the adult and paediatric uveitis databases from 2011 to 2021. Patients were categorised into two groups using the Mandeville classification system. Standard Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) was used to classify the uveitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The population prevalence is at least 12.6 cases per million based on a population of 1.9 million. Nineteen of 24 cases were definite TINU and five of 24 probable. Seventeen out of 24 had biopsy-positive TIN, all of which met all of the Mandeville clinical diagnostic features required for a definite diagnosis. All but one presented with acute bilateral anterior uveitis. The paediatric cases ranged from age 12 to 18 at age of onset with a mean age of 14. Of the 18 adult onset cases, the age ranged from 20 to 76 years. The mean age of onset for the adult cases was 53 years. Of these patients 71% were female; 42% required second-line immunosuppression for ocular disease. Visual acuity was maintained. Follow-up time ranged from 3 months to 16 years. No patient developed long-term renal impairment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>TINU is a cause of uveitis in both the paediatric and adult populations. In Northern Ireland average age with TINU was older than much of the published literature. Long-term immunosuppression for uveitis may be required as ongoing ocular, rather than renal inflammation seemed to require treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01677-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T17:37:22Z","timestamp":1627580242000},"page":"1645-1650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis in Northern Ireland"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Heaney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"McLoone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5051-5921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. E.","family":"Courtney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"O\u2019Rourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. E.","family":"McAvoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1677_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandeville J, Levinson R, Holland G. The tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome. Surv Ophthalmol. 2001;46:195\u2013208.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(01)00261-2"},{"key":"1677_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinnamon KT, Courtney AE, Harron C, O\u2019Rourke DM, Mullan RN. Tubulointerstitialnephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome: epidemiology, diagnosis and management. NDT Plus 2008;1:112\u20136.","DOI":"10.1093\/ndtplus\/sfn006"},{"key":"1677_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mackensen F, Smith JR, Rosenbaum JT. Enhanced recognition, treatment, and prognosis of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:995\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.01.002"},{"key":"1677_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-017-0677-2","volume":"12","author":"LO Okafor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Okafor LO, Hewins P, Murray PI, Denniston AK. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome: a systematic review of its epidemiology, demographics and risk factors. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2017;12:128.","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"1677_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goda C, Kotake S, Namba AK, Kitaichi N, Ohno S. Clinical features in tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005; 140: 637\u201341.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.04.019"},{"key":"1677_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.11.013","volume":"72","author":"D Clive","year":"2018","unstructured":"Clive D, Vanguri VK. The syndrome of tubulointerstitial nephritis with uveitis (TINU). Am J Kidney Dis. 2018;72:118\u201328.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"1677_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314926","volume":"104","author":"D Amaro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amaro D, Carre\u00f1o E, Steeples LR, Oliveira-Ramos F, Marques-Neves C, Leal I. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome: a review. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020;104:742\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1677_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takemura T, Okada M, Hino S, Fukushima K, Yamamoto S, Miyazato H, et al. Course and outcome of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999;34:1016\u201321.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70006-5"},{"key":"1677_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.4301","volume":"133","author":"YM Hettinga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hettinga YM, Scheerlinck LM, Lilien MR, Rothova A, de Boer JH. The value of measuring urinary \u03b22-microglobulin and serum creatinine for detecting tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome in young patients with uveitis. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015;133:140\u20135.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1677_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gion N, Stavrou P, Foster CS. Immunomodulatory therapy for chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis-associated uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000; 129: 764\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00482-7"},{"key":"1677_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li C, Su T, Chu R, Li X, Yang L. Tubulointerstitial nephritis with uveitis in Chinese adults. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;9:21\u20138.","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02540313"},{"key":"1677_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pakzad-Vaezi K, Pepple KL. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2017;28:629\u201335.","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000421"}],"container-title":["Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-021-01677-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-021-01677-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-021-01677-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T07:08:34Z","timestamp":1658473714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-021-01677-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-021-01677-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-222X","1476-5454"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-222X","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5454","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 June 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}