{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:42:05Z","timestamp":1793299325466,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01802-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T14:02:57Z","timestamp":1634133777000},"page":"2099-2105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Blindness in glaucoma: primary open-angle glaucoma versus primary angle-closure glaucoma\u2014a meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7368-0252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronnie","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smita","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingam","family":"Vijaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1802_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.11.006","volume":"117","author":"C Garudadri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garudadri C, Senthil S, Khanna RC, Sannapaneni K, Rao HBL. Prevalence and risk factors for primary glaucomas in adult urban and rural populations in the Andhra Pradesh eye disease study. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:1352\u20139.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"1802_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.06.037","volume":"150","author":"YX Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang YX, Xu L, Yang H, Jonas JB. Prevalence of glaucoma in North China: the Beijing Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010;150:917\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1802_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.05.034","volume":"115","author":"L Vijaya","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vijaya L, George R, Arvind H, Baskaran M, Ve Ramesh S, Raju P, et al. Prevalence of primary angle-closure disease in an urban south Indian population and comparison with a rural population. The Chennai Glaucoma Study. Ophthalmology. 2008;115:655\u201360.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"1802_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2001.790506.x","volume":"79","author":"RR Bourne","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bourne RR, S\u00f8rensen KE, Klauber A, Foster PJ, Johnson GJ, Alsbirk PH. Glaucoma in East Greenlandic Inuit\u2014a population survey in Ittoqqortoormiit (Scoresbysund): - a population survey in Ittoqqortoormiit (Scoresbysund). Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2001;79:462\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand."},{"key":"1802_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","volume":"121","author":"Y-C Tham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tham Y-C, Li X, Wong TY, Quigley HA, Aung T, Cheng C-Y. Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:2081\u201390.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"1802_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","volume":"283","author":"DF Stroup","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000;283:2008\u201312.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"1802_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.2.238","volume":"86","author":"PJ Foster","year":"2002","unstructured":"Foster PJ, Buhrmann R, Quigley HA, Johnson GJ. The definition and classification of glaucoma in prevalence surveys. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86:238\u201342.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1802_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.11.014","volume":"65","author":"D Hoy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoy D, Brooks P, Woolf A, Blyth F, March L, Bain C, et al. Assessing risk of bias in prevalence studies: modification of an existing tool and evidence of interrater agreement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2012;65:934\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"key":"1802_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026","volume":"64","author":"G Guyatt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, Kunz R, Vist G, Brozek J, et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64:383\u201394.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"key":"1802_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327:557\u201360.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"1802_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100140435011","volume":"114","author":"PJ Foster","year":"1996","unstructured":"Foster PJ, Baasanhu J, Alsbirk PH, Munkhbayar D, Uranchimeg D, Johnson GJ. Glaucoma in Mongolia. A population-based survey in H\u00f6vsg\u00f6l province, northern Mongolia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114:1235\u201341.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1802_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580701771997","volume":"15","author":"C-C Hu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hu C-C, Lin H-C, Chen C-S. A 7-year population study of primary angle closure glaucoma admissions and climate in Taiwan. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2008;15:66\u201372.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol."},{"key":"1802_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.062","volume":"115","author":"L Vijaya","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vijaya L, George R, Baskaran M, Arvind H, Raju P, Ramesh SV, et al. Prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma in an urban south Indian population and comparison with a rural population. The Chennai Glaucoma Study. Ophthalmology. 2008;115:648\u201354.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"1802_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.8.1105","volume":"118","author":"PJ Foster","year":"2000","unstructured":"Foster PJ. The prevalence of glaucoma in Chinese residents of Singapore, A cross-sectional population survey of the tanjong pagar district. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:1105.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1802_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.021","volume":"119","author":"SS Thapa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thapa SS, Paudyal I, Khanal S, Twyana SN, Paudyal G, Gurung R, et al. A population-based survey of the prevalence and types of glaucoma in Nepal: the Bhaktapur Glaucoma Study. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:759\u201364.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"1802_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.3.403","volume":"124","author":"L Vijaya","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vijaya L, George R, Arvind H, Baskaran M, Paul PG, Ramesh SV, et al. Prevalence of angle-closure disease in a rural southern Indian population. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124:403\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1802_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4461","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1529","volume":"46","author":"L Vijaya","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vijaya L, George R, Paul PG, Baskaran M, Arvind H, Raju P, et al. Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma in a rural south Indian population. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:4461\u20137.","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"1802_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.043612","volume":"88","author":"MM Rahman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rahman MM, Rahman N, Foster PJ, Haque Z, Zaman AU, Dineen B, et al. The prevalence of glaucoma in Bangladesh: a population based survey in Dhaka division. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88:1493\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1802_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8250","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7472","volume":"52","author":"YB Liang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liang YB, Friedman DS, Zhou Q, Yang X, Sun LP, Guo LX, et al. Prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma in a rural adult Chinese population: the Handan eye study. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:8250\u20137.","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"1802_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8672","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7480","volume":"52","author":"Y Liang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liang Y, Friedman DS, Zhou Q, Yang XH, Sun LP, Guo L, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of primary angle-closure diseases in a rural adult Chinese population: the Handan Eye Study. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:8672\u20139.","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"1802_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2011.02146.x","volume":"89","author":"W Qu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Qu W, Li Y, Song W, Zhou X, Kang Y, Yan L, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for angle-closure disease in a rural Northeast China population: a population-based survey in Bin County, Harbin. Acta Ophthalmol. 2011;89:e515\u201320.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1802_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.243","volume":"26","author":"J Sun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun J, Zhou X, Kang Y, Yan L, Sun X, Sui H, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma in a rural northeast China population: a population-based survey in Bin County, Harbin. Eye. 2012;26:283\u201391.","journal-title":"Eye."},{"key":"1802_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.02.050","volume":"118","author":"W Song","year":"2011","unstructured":"Song W, Shan L, Cheng F, Fan P, Zhang L, Qu W, et al. Prevalence of glaucoma in a rural northern china adult population: a population-based survey in Kailua county, inner Mongolia. Ophthalmology. 2011;118:1982\u20138.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"1802_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.12.038","volume":"119","author":"S Sawaguchi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sawaguchi S, Sakai H, Iwase A, Yamamoto T, Abe H, Tomita G, et al. Prevalence of primary angle closure and primary angle-closure glaucoma in a southwestern rural population of Japan: the Kumejima Study. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:1134\u201342.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"1802_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.03.003","volume":"121","author":"S Yamamoto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yamamoto S, Sawaguchi S, Iwase A, Yamamoto T, Abe H, Tomita G, et al. Primary open-angle glaucoma in a population associated with high prevalence of primary angle-closure glaucoma: the Kumejima Study. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:1558\u201365.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"1802_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0051","volume":"47","author":"M He","year":"2006","unstructured":"He M, Foster PJ, Ge J, Huang W, Zheng Y, Friedman DS, et al. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of glaucoma in adult Chinese: a population-based study in Liwan District, Guangzhou. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:2782\u20138.","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"1802_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.107573","volume":"91","author":"RJ Casson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Casson RJ, Newland HS, Muecke J, McGovern S, Abraham L, Shein WK, et al. Prevalence of glaucoma in rural Myanmar: the Meiktila Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91:710\u20134.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1802_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.10.016","volume":"118","author":"C-S Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim C-S, Seong GJ, Lee N-H, Song K-C, Namil Study Group, Korean Glaucoma Society. Prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma in central South Korea the Namil study. Ophthalmology. 2011;118:1024\u201330.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"1802_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2012.1470","volume":"130","author":"YY Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim YY, Lee JH, Ahn MD, Kim CY, Namil Study Group, Korean Glaucoma Society. Angle closure in the Namil study in central South Korea. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012;130:1177\u201383.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1802_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4974","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0342","volume":"48","author":"K Sakata","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sakata K, Sakata LM, Sakata VM, Santini C, Hopker LM, Bernardes R, et al. Prevalence of glaucoma in a South brazilian population: Projeto Glaucoma. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:4974\u20139.","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"1802_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.12.1819","volume":"119","author":"HA Quigley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Quigley HA. The prevalence of glaucoma in a population-based study of Hispanic subjects: Proyecto VER. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:1819.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1802_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3846","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1759","volume":"49","author":"SY Shen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shen SY, Wong TY, Foster PJ, Loo J-L, Rosman M, Loon S-C, et al. The prevalence and types of glaucoma in malay people: the Singapore Malay eye study. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49:3846\u201351.","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"1802_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4621","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11950","volume":"54","author":"A Narayanaswamy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Narayanaswamy A, Baskaran M, Zheng Y, Lavanya R, Wu R, Wong W-L, et al. The prevalence and types of glaucoma in an urban Indian population: the Singapore Indian Eye Study. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:4621\u20137.","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"1802_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.1110","volume":"133","author":"M Baskaran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baskaran M, Foo RC, Cheng C-Y, Narayanaswamy AK, Zheng Y-F, Wu R, et al. The prevalence and types of glaucoma in an urban Chinese population: the Singapore Chinese eye study: The Singapore Chinese eye study. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015;133:874\u201380.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1802_CR35","first-page":"1641","volume":"111","author":"A Iwase","year":"2004","unstructured":"Iwase A, Suzuki Y, Araie M, Yamamoto T, Abe H, Shirato S, et al. The prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma in Japanese: the Tajimi Study. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:1641\u20138.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"1802_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.05.012","volume":"112","author":"T Yamamoto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yamamoto T, Iwase A, Araie M, Suzuki Y, Abe H, Shirato S, et al. The Tajimi Study report 2: prevalence of primary angle closure and secondary glaucoma in a Japanese population. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:1661\u20139.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"1802_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.074948","volume":"89","author":"A Raychaudhuri","year":"2005","unstructured":"Raychaudhuri A, Lahiri SK, Bandyopadhyay M, Foster PJ, Reeves BC, Johnson GJ. A population based survey of the prevalence and types of glaucoma in rural West Bengal: the West Bengal Glaucoma Study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89:1559\u201364.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1802_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.02.029","volume":"120","author":"M Pakravan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pakravan M, Yazdani S, Javadi M-A, Amini H, Behroozi Z, Ziaei H, et al. A population-based survey of the prevalence and types of glaucoma in central Iran: the Yazd eye study. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:1977\u201384.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"1802_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-9306","volume":"53","author":"H Zhong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhong H, Li J, Li C, Wei T, Cha X, Cai N, et al. The prevalence of glaucoma in adult rural Chinese populations of the Bai nationality in Dali: the Yunnan Minority Eye Study. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:3221\u20135.","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."}],"container-title":["Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-021-01802-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-021-01802-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-021-01802-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T04:04:41Z","timestamp":1666152281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-021-01802-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-021-01802-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-222X","1476-5454"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-222X","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5454","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 October 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}