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The mean (SD) follow-up duration was 5.2 (3.3) years. A linear mixed-effects model (LMM) was used to assess the association between IOP (at time point <jats:italic>t\u22121<\/jats:italic>) and axial elongation rate (annual rate of change in AL from <jats:italic>t\u22121<\/jats:italic> to <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>), controlling for a pre-defined set of covariates including sex, age, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness (at <jats:italic>t\u22121<\/jats:italic>). LMM was also used to assess the contemporaneous association between IOP and axial length (AL) at <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>, controlling for the same set of covariates (at <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>) as before.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Higher IOP was associated with slower axial growth (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.01, 95% CI \u22120.02 to \u22120.005, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). There was a positive contemporaneous association between IOP and AL (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03, 95% CI 0.01\u20130.05, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004), but this association became progressively less positive with increasing age, as indicated by a negative interaction effect between IOP and age on AL (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.01, 95% CI \u22120.01 to \u22120.003, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Higher IOP is associated with slower rather than faster axial growth in children with non-pathological high myopia, an association plausibly confounded by the increased influence of ocular compliance on IOP.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-023-02872-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T15:02:55Z","timestamp":1702306975000},"page":"1208-1214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Higher intraocular pressure is associated with slower axial growth in children with non-pathological high myopia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4730-7363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian SL","family":"Yii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingguang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Chappell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6456-3756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel O.","family":"Bernabeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5120-0086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"MacGillivray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5993-0278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baljean","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0372-3100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Tatham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niall","family":"Strang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2872_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M31","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25967","volume":"60","author":"D Troilo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Troilo D, Smith EL, Nickla DL, Ashby R, Tkatchenko AV, Ostrin LA, et al. 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