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Initial prevention of acute visual loss in GCA is well-standardised with high-dose glucocorticoid therapy but in the longer term optimising quality of life requires tailoring of treatment to the individual. The licensing of the IL-6 receptor inhibitor tocilizumab combined with advances in vascular imaging have resulted in many changes to diagnostic and therapeutic practice. Firstly, GCA is a systemic disease that may involve multiple vascular territories and present in diverse ways. Broadening of the \u201cspectrum\u201d of what is called GCA has been crystallised in the 2022 GCA classification criteria. Secondly, the vascular inflammation of GCA frequently co-exists with the extracapsular musculoskeletal inflammation of the related disease, polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). Thirdly, GCA care must often be delivered across multiple specialities and healthcare organisations requiring effective interprofessional communication. Fourthly, both GCA and PMR may follow a chronic or multiphasic disease course; long-term management must be tailored to the individual patient\u2019s needs. In this article we focus on some areas of current rheumatology practice that ophthalmologists need to be aware of, including comprehensive assessment of extra-ocular symptoms, physical signs and laboratory markers; advanced imaging techniques; and implications for multi-speciality collaboration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03153-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T06:02:35Z","timestamp":1718776955000},"page":"2437-2447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The spectrum of giant cell arteritis through a rheumatology lens"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Irfan","family":"Khalique","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mousindha","family":"Arjunan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2483-5873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Mackie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"3153_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.01.036","volume":"112","author":"H Danesh-Meyer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Danesh-Meyer H, Savino PJ, Gamble GG. 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No personal remuneration was received for any of the above activities. Support from Roche\/Chugai to attend EULAR2019 in person and from Pfizer to attend ACR Convergence 2021 virtually. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR, the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, the National Health Service or the UK Department of Health and Social Care. Other authors: No conflicts disclosed.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}