{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T02:20:27Z","timestamp":1785205227132,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03221-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:02:04Z","timestamp":1720742524000},"page":"3072-3076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Real world treatment outcomes in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in a Caucasian population of British ethnicity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1185-6942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella","family":"De Salvo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4791-5131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suresh","family":"Thulasidharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramez","family":"Barbara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Penwarden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1931-390X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nishant","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0247-2680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rino","family":"Frisina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"3221_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199010010-00001","volume":"10","author":"LA Yannuzzi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Yannuzzi LA, Sorenson J, Spaide RF, Lipson B. Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV). Retina. 1990;10:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"3221_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.11.004","volume":"127","author":"RF Spaide","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spaide RF, Jaffe GJ, Sarraf D, Freund KB, Sadda SR, Staurenghi G, et al. Consensus nomenclature for reporting neovascular age-related macular degeneration data: consensus on neovascular age-related macular degeneration nomenclature study group. Ophthalmology. 2020;127:616\u201336.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3221_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.10.001","volume":"29","author":"A Laude","year":"2010","unstructured":"Laude A, Cackett PD, Vithana EN, Yeo IY, Wong D, Koh AH, et al. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration: same or different disease? Prog Retin Eye Res 2010;29:19\u201329.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"3221_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702955","volume":"23","author":"MW Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee MW, Yeo I, Wong D, Ang CL. Argon laser photocoagulation for the treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Eye. 2009;23:145\u20138.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"3221_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31824f91e8","volume":"32","author":"A Koh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koh A, Lee WK, Chen LJ, Chen SJ, Hashad Y, Kim H, et al. EVEREST study: efficacy and safety of verteporfin photodynamic therapy in combination with ranibizumab or alone versus ranibizumab monotherapy in patients with symptomatic macular polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Retina. 2012;32:1453\u201364.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"3221_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305674","volume":"99","author":"CS Tan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tan CS, Ngo WK, Chen JP, Tan NW, Lim TH, EVEREST Study G. EVEREST study report 2: imaging and grading protocol, and baseline characteristics of a randomised controlled trial of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015;99:624\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3221_CR7","unstructured":"Japanese Study Group of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy. Criteria for diagnosis of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 2005;109:417\u201327."},{"key":"3221_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.08.025","volume":"158","author":"G De Salvo","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Salvo G, Vaz-Pereira S, Keane PA, Tufail A, Liew G. Sensitivity and specificity of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in detecting idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014;158:1228\u201338.e1.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3221_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.08.006","volume":"128","author":"C Cheung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheung C, Lai T, Teo K, Ruamviboonsuk P, Chen SJ, Kim JE, et al. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: consensus nomenclature and non-indocyanine green angiograph diagnostic criteria from the Asia-Pacific Ocular Imaging Society PCV workgroup. Ophthalmology. 2021;128:443\u201352.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3221_CR10","unstructured":"Ranibizumab and pegaptanib for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Technology appraisal guidance [TA155]. 2008. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ta155"},{"key":"3221_CR11","unstructured":"Aflibercept solution for injection for treating wet age related macular degeneration. Technology appraisal guidance [TA294]. 2013. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ta294"},{"key":"3221_CR12","unstructured":"Age-related macular degeneration. NICE guideline [NG82]. 2018. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng82"},{"key":"3221_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.08.006","volume":"234","author":"F Corvi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corvi F, Chandra S, Invernizzi A, Pace L, Viola F, Sivaprasad S, et al. Multimodal imaging comparison of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy between asian and caucasian populations. Am J Ophthalmol. 2022;234:108\u201316.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3221_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-310074","volume":"101","author":"S Yadav","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yadav S, Parry DG, Beare NAV, Pearce IA. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a common type of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Caucasians. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;101:1377\u201380.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3221_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000774","volume":"36","author":"C Balaratnasingam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Balaratnasingam C, Lee WK, Koizumi H, Dansingani K, Inoue M, Freund KB. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a distinct disease or manifestation of many? Retina. 2016;36:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"3221_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0168-2","volume":"32","author":"EI Agorogiannis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agorogiannis EI, Pearce IA, Yadav S, Parry DG, Beare N. Clinical outcomes in Caucasian patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Eye. 2018;32:1731\u20139.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"3221_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1159\/000488808","volume":"240","author":"B Wolff","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wolff B, Vasseur V, Cahuzac A, Coscas F, Castelnovo L, Favard C, et al. Aflibercept treatment in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: results of a prospective study in a Caucasian population. Ophthalmologica. 2018;240:208\u201312.","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"3221_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303444","volume":"98","author":"K Hatz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hatz K, Pr\u00fcnte C. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Caucasian patients with presumed neovascular age-related macular degeneration and poor ranibizumab response. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014;98:188\u201394.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3221_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1007\/s004170000180","volume":"238","author":"BA Lafaut","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lafaut BA, Leys AM, Snyers B. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Caucasians. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2000;238:752\u20139.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3221_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.1804","volume":"36","author":"WK Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee WK, Iida T, Ogura Y, Chen SJ, Wong TY, Mitchell P, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in the PLANET Study: A Randomised clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018;36:786\u201393.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3221_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong CW, Yanagi Y, Lee WK, Ogura Y, Yeo I, Wong TY, et al. Age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Asians. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2016;53:107\u201339.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.04.002"},{"key":"3221_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.09.003","volume":"37","author":"P Nowak-Sliwinska","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nowak-Sliwinska P, van den Bergh H, Sickenberg M. Photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2013;37:182\u201399.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"3221_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.132357","volume":"92","author":"T Wakabayashi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wakabayashi T, Gomi F, Sawa M, Tsujikawa M, Tano Y. Marked vascular changes of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy after photodynamic therapy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92:936\u201340.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3221_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000499","volume":"35","author":"CW Wong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong CW, Cheung CM, Mathur R, Li X, Chan CM, Yeo I, et al. Three-year results of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy treated with photodynamic therapy: Retrospective Study and Systematic Review. Retina. 2015;35:1577\u201393.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"3221_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.8.1149","volume":"123","author":"CM Klais","year":"2005","unstructured":"Klais CM, Ober MD, Freund KB, Ginsburg LH, Luckie A, Mauget-Fa\u00ffsse M, et al. Choroidal infarction following photodynamic therapy with verteporfin. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:1149\u201353.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3221_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20090430-14","volume":"40","author":"SW Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim SW, Oh J, Oh IK, Huh K. Retinal pigment epithelial tear after half fluence PDT for serous pigment epithelial detachment in central serous chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2009;40:300\u20133.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging"},{"key":"3221_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318276e096","volume":"33","author":"S Jeon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jeon S, Lee WK, Kim KS. Adjusted retreatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy after combination therapy: results at 3 years. Retina. 2013;33:1193\u2013200.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"3221_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.06.027","volume":"155","author":"A Yamashita","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yamashita A, Shiraga F, Shiragami C, Shirakata Y, Fujiwara A. Two-year results of reduced-fluence photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;155:96\u2013102.e1.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3221_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1159\/000354072","volume":"231","author":"GT Kokame","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kokame GT, Yeung L, Teramoto K, Lai JC, Wee R. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy exudation and hemorrhage: results of monthly ranibizumab therapy at one year. Ophthalmologica. 2014;231:94\u2013102.","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"3221_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305076","volume":"99","author":"Y Ogura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ogura Y, Terasaki H, Gomi F, Yuzawa M, Iida T, Honda M, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept injection in wet age-related macular degeneration: outcomes in the Japanese subgroup of the VIEW 2 study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015;99:92\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3221_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.12.037","volume":"121","author":"A Oishi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oishi A, Miyamoto N, Mandai M, Honda S, Matsuoka T, Oh H, et al. LAPTOP study: a 24-month trial of verteporfin versus ranibizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:1151\u20132.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3221_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cheung CMG. Macular neovascularization and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: phenotypic variations, pathogenic mechanisms and implications in management. Eye (Lond). 2023;38:659\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-023-02764-w.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-023-02764-w"},{"key":"3221_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101711010326","volume":"11","author":"GT Kokame","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kokame GT, Tom ES, Shantha JG, Kaneko KN. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in highly myopic eyes with elongated axial length. Open Ophthalmol J. 2017;11:326\u201333.","journal-title":"Open Ophthalmol J"},{"key":"3221_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0158-4","volume":"33","author":"CMG Cheung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheung CMG, Lee WK, Koizumi H, Dansingani K, Lai TYY, Freund KB. Pachychoroid disease. Eye (Lond). 2019;33:14\u201333.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"3221_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.04.004","volume":"6","author":"J Siedlecki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siedlecki J, Klaas JE, Keidel LF, Asani B, Luft N, Priglinger SG, et al. Progression of pachychoroid neovasculopathy into aneurysmal type 1 choroidal neovascularization or polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Ophthalmol Retin. 2022;6:807\u201313.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"}],"container-title":["Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-024-03221-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-024-03221-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-024-03221-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T16:02:31Z","timestamp":1730995351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-024-03221-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["3221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-024-03221-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-222X","1476-5454"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-222X","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5454","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"GDS \u2013 is Advisory Board member to Novartis, Bayer, Teva, Allergan and Apellis. She has received Travel grants from Heidelberg Engineering, Novartis, Bayer, Roche, Allergan and also received educational grant from Bayer. She has also done Consultancy work to Boehringer Ingelheim. Dr De Salvo also serves as the section editor to the Eye Journal. RF \u2013 is a member of the editorial board to the Eye Journal. The remaining authors decalre no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}