{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:51:47Z","timestamp":1791982307372,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Government of Kerala initiated a pilot screening programme for diabetic retinopathy in 16 Family Health Centres in Thiruvananthapuram district in 2019 in collaboration with the ORNATE India project. The evaluation of this pilot included a study of its costs and cost-effectiveness to inform decisions about extending the programme throughout Kerala.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects\/methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The participants comprise all 5307 people who were screened for diabetic retinopathy under the pilot programme for whom data could be collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The costs of the pilot programme are estimated at INR 11.3 million (including INR 1.9 million costs to individuals) and the benefits at 514 QALYs, slightly over one QALY per person treated. The cost per QALY was INR\u00a022,000, which is well below India\u2019s Gross National Income per person.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kerala\u2019s 2019 pilot screening programme for diabetic retinopathy was highly cost-effective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03304-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T07:02:14Z","timestamp":1725346934000},"page":"3352-3356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Costs and cost-effectiveness of the Kerala pilot screening programme for diabetic retinopathy in the public health system"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3096-2721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raphael","family":"Wittenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5974-4395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart","family":"Redding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bipin","family":"Gopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajeev","family":"Sadanandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasudeva Iyer","family":"Sahasranamam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Premnazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopalakrishnan","family":"Netuveli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyotsna","family":"Srinath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radha","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolores","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8952-0659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sobha","family":"Sivaprasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"3304_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1159\/000502387","volume":"243","author":"TY Wong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wong TY, Sabanayagam C. 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