{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T21:55:25Z","timestamp":1783547725125,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, disproportionately affecting individuals of African ancestry. Limited research has examined the impact of neighbourhood quality and socioeconomic factors on primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) risk in this population. This study aims to address these gaps by evaluating associations between ocular health and neighbourhood characteristics using geospatial data.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Subjects\/Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We conducted a case-control study with 5192 African ancestry individuals from the Philadelphia area using data from the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study. Geocoded U.S. Census data were merged with individual-level demographics and neighbourhood-level measures, including air quality, food accessibility, and socioeconomic indicators, to assess their association with glaucoma risk and severity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study included 3039 controls (58.5%) and 2153 POAG cases (41.5%). Higher POAG risk was associated with older age (OR 1.72 per 10-year increase, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), male gender (OR 2.04, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), lower BMI (OR 0.87 per 10\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> increase, p\u2009=\u20090.003), and nonuse of alcohol (OR 0.56 for alcohol use, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Low food access was more common in controls (OR 0.86, p\u2009=\u20090.03), and severe POAG cases were associated with lower homeownership rates (OR 0.95 per 10% increase, p\u2009=\u20090.049). However, most socioeconomic and environmental factors (air quality, education, income, occupation, family structure) were not significantly linked to POAG risk or severity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Socioeconomic status did not significantly protect against POAG in African ancestry individuals. Individual factors were more influential, suggesting neighbourhood and socioeconomic factors may have a lesser impact than previously hypothesised.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03470-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T23:49:42Z","timestamp":1733960982000},"page":"1086-1092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with glaucoma in an African Ancestry Population: findings from the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2725-0133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anusha","family":"Mamidipaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yineng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Di Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Salowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gui-Shuang","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan M.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"3470_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16257-0","volume":"363","author":"RN Weinreb","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weinreb RN, Khaw PT. 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