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CPGs published between January 2010\u2013October 2023 were included and independently assessed by four reviewers and one adjudicator using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. CPGs were qualitatively assessed for anatomical measurement (optical coherence tomography [OCT]) and visual acuity (VA) recommendations. PROSPERO identification: CRD42023473223.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>14\/147 identified CPGs were included. Overall AGREE II scores were 49\u201391 (mean [SD]\u2009=\u200967 [11]). Strongest domains were Scope and Purpose (85 [10.9]), Clarity of Presentation (87 [18.7]), and Editorial Independence (91 [13.7]). Stakeholder Involvement (57 [8.3]), Applicability (54 [19.4]), and Rigor of Development (41 [19.0]) scored lowest. 13\/14 CPGs were \u201cRecommended\u201d or \u201cRecommended with Modifications\u201d. All CPGs recommended OCT for initial diagnosis. 3\/14 CPGs did not recommend VA or considered VA optional. For initial disease management, 11\/14 CPGs recommended OCT. One considered OCT optional. VA was recommended by 9\/14 CPGs for initial management. All CPGs recommended using VA and OCT for disease monitoring while on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. 12\/14 CPGs recommended using OCT to measure anti-VEGF response to adjust treatment interval.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CPGs were aligned regarding the importance of OCT in DMO management. More rigorous methods, applicability in resource-constrained systems, and patient perspectives will improve CPG trustworthiness and transparency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-025-04043-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T09:11:11Z","timestamp":1759309871000},"page":"3121-3128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and management of diabetic macular oedema: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"McAllister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komal","family":"Bawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Mearns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7657-0809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Tabano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3476-7019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Faux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shriji","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4423-582X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galin","family":"Spicer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer I.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"4043_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.9.2653","volume":"26","author":"TA Ciulla","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ciulla TA, Amador AG, Zinman B. 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(At time of study); EM: Employee \u2013 Genentech, Inc.; SP: Employee \u2013 Genentech, Inc.; GS: Employee \u2013 Genentech, Inc.; JIM: Consultant\/Advisor \u2013 AbbVie\/Allergan, Alimera, Astellas\/Iveric Bio, Aura, Cognition, EyePoint, Eyenuk, Genentech\/Roche, Luxa, Novartis, Regeneron, Unity, Viridian; Grant Support \u2013 Aldeyra, Adverum, BioSpring Vision, Genentech, Inc., Graybug, Janssen, Kyoto Drug Development, NGM Bio, Regeneron, Regenex, Stealth; Honoraria \u2013 Bausch + Lomb, Iveric Bio. The other authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}