{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:45:37Z","timestamp":1789015537533,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgery"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the reading speed and font size in pseudophakic eyes following implantation of a spherically neutral monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) aimed at an emmetropic refractive outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective, single-eye study on patients undergoing routine cataract surgery with a spherically neutral monofocal IOL and expected to achieve 20\/40 or better-unaided vision. Eyes with surgical complications or co-existing ocular pathology were excluded. At 3\u20139 months post-surgery, manifest refraction, uncorrected and best-corrected distance (UCDVA and BCDVA), and uncorrected near (UCNVA) LogMAR acuity, spherical equivalent (SEQ) were assessed. Uniocular unaided reading speed and smallest print size were assessed using the Salzburg Reading Desk (SRD) at 40\u2009cm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median UCDVA, BCDVA, UCNVA, and SEQ of 301 patients (301 eyes) with age of 75 years (IQR:70 to 82) were 0.14 LogMAR (IQR\u2009=\u20090.02\u20130.24), 0 LogMAR (IQR\u2009=\u2009\u22120.08 to 0.02), and 0 D (IQR\u2009=\u2009\u22120.13\u2009D to \u22120.07), respectively. The unaided reading speed was 100\u2013150\u2009wpm in 42.8% (129 patients), followed by 151\u2013200\u2009wpm in 26.1% (78 patients). The median unaided reading speed with SRD was 130\u2009wpm (IQR: 101.50 to 165.50). 30.9% (93 patients) read 0.4 to 0.5 LogMAR, followed by 10.8% (33 patients) for 0.3 to 0.4 LogMAR and 7.4% (22 patients) for 0.2 to 0.3 LogMAR. The median smallest font size was 0.48 LogMAR (0.40 to 0.61 LogMAR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study establishes the baseline data of reading speed and font size with monofocal IOL, which can be used by further studies on extended depth-of-focus or multifocal IOLs for comparison.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-025-04048-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T10:20:10Z","timestamp":1761214810000},"page":"3344-3349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unaided reading speed in pseudophakic patients after emmetropic monofocal intraocular lens implantation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0667-3700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayank A.","family":"Nanavaty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0325-6461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ritika","family":"Mukhija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8005-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Ashena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0935-3713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catey","family":"Bunce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Spalton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"4048_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000216100.93302.2d","volume":"83","author":"J B\u00fchren","year":"2006","unstructured":"B\u00fchren J, Terzi E, Bach M, Wesemann W, Kohnen T. Measuring contrast sensitivity under different lighting conditions: comparison of three tests. Optom Vis Sci. 2006;83:290\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.opx.0000216100.93302.2d.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"4048_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.12.057","volume":"111","author":"O Findl","year":"2004","unstructured":"Findl O, Kriechbaum K, Menapace R, Koeppl C, Sacu S, Wirtitsch M, et al. Laserinterferometric assessment of pilocarpine-induced movement of an accommodating intraocular lens: a randomized trial. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:1515\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.12.057.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4048_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.05.033","volume":"111","author":"M K\u00fcchle","year":"2004","unstructured":"K\u00fcchle M, Seitz B, Langenbucher A, Gusek-Schneider GC, Martus P, Nguyen NX, Erlangen Accommodative Intraocular Lens Study G. Comparison of 6-month results of implantation of the 1CU accommodative intraocular lens with conventional intraocular lenses. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:318\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.05.033.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4048_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.12.1722","volume":"121","author":"A Langenbucher","year":"2003","unstructured":"Langenbucher A, Seitz B, Huber S, Nguyen NX, Kuchle M. Theoretical and measured pseudophakic accommodation after implantation of a new accommodative posterior chamber intraocular lens. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121:1722\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.121.12.1722.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4048_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20071001-03","volume":"23","author":"DR Sanders","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sanders DR, Sanders ML. Near visual acuity for everyday activities with accommodative and monofocal intraocular lenses. J Refract Surg. 2007;23:747\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/1081-597X-20071001-03.","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"4048_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.12.021","volume":"40","author":"N Hirnschall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hirnschall N, Motaabbed JK, Dexl A, Grabner G, Findl O. Evaluation of an electronic reading desk to measure reading acuity in pseudophakic patients. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40:1462\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.12.021.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4048_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20091119-01","volume":"26","author":"AK Dexl","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dexl AK, Schl\u00f6gel H, Wolfbauer M, Grabner G. Device for improving quantification of reading acuity and reading speed. J Refract Surg. 2010;26:682\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/1081597X-20091119-01.","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"4048_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1034863","volume":"212","author":"M Bach","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bach M, Kommerell G. Determining visual acuity using European normal values: scientific principles and possibilities for automatic measurement. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1998;212:190\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2008-1034863.","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"4048_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1034969","volume":"213","author":"W Radner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Radner W, Willinger U, Obermayer W, Mudrich C, Velikay-Parel M, Eisenwort B. A new reading chart for simultaneous determination of reading vision and reading speed. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1998;213:174\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2008-1034969.","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"4048_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-002-0443-5","volume":"240","author":"W Radner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Radner W, Obermayer W, Richter-Mueksch S, Willinger U, Velikay-Parel M, Eisenwort B. The validity and reliability of short German sentences for measuring reading speed. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2002;240:461\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-002-0443-5.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4048_CR11","first-page":"557","volume":"38","author":"GS Rubin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rubin GS, West SK, Mu\u00f1oz B, Bandeen-Roche K, Zeger S, Schein O, et al. A comprehensive assessment of visual impairment in a population of older Americans. The SEE Study. Salisbury Eye Evaluation Project. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:557\u201368.","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4048_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03045-w","volume":"38","author":"MA Nanavaty","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nanavaty MA. Evolving generation of new Extended Depth of Focus intraocular lenses. Eye. 2024;38(Suppl 1):1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-024-03045-w.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"4048_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2012.07.027","volume":"38","author":"M Rasp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rasp M, Bachernegg A, Seyeddain O, Ruckhofer J, Emesz M, Stoiber J, et al. Bilateral reading performance of 4 multifocal intraocular lens models and a monofocal intraocular lens under bright lighting conditions. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38:1950\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2012.07.027.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4048_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.11.039","volume":"37","author":"JL Ali\u00f3","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ali\u00f3 JL, Grabner G, Plaza-Puche AB, Rasp M, Pi\u00f1ero DP, Seyeddain O, et al. Postoperative bilateral reading performance with 4 intraocular lens models: six-month results. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37:842\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.11.039.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4048_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000001302","volume":"49","author":"MA Nanavaty","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nanavaty MA, Mukhija R, Ashena Z, Bunce C, Spalton DJ. Incidence and factors for pseudoaccommodation after monofocal lens implantation - the Monofocal Extended Range of Vision (MERoV) study. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2023;49:1229\u20131235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000001302.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4048_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000966","volume":"27","author":"T Arad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arad T, Baumeister M, B\u00fchren J, Kohnen T. Evaluation of a Device for Standardized Measurements of Reading Performance in a Prepresbyopic Population. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2017;27:646\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5301\/ejo.5000966.","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4048_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1016\/s0886-3350(02)01488-8","volume":"28","author":"S Richter-Mueksch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Richter-Mueksch S, Weghaupt H, Skorpik C, Velikay-Parel M, Radner W. Reading performance with a refractive multifocal and a diffractive bifocal intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:1957\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0886-3350(02)01488-8.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4048_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.11.046","volume":"34","author":"JL Ali\u00f3","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ali\u00f3 JL, Radner W, Plaza-Puche AB, Ortiz D, Neipp MC, Quiles MJ, et al. Design of short Spanish sentences for measuring reading performance: Radner-Vissum test. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34:638\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.11.046.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4048_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2006.08.029","volume":"32","author":"WW H\u00fctz","year":"2006","unstructured":"H\u00fctz WW, Eckhardt HB, R\u00f6hrig B, Grolmus R. Reading ability with 3 multifocal intraocular lens models. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32:2015\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2006.08.029.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4048_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/s0886-3350(02)01648-6","volume":"29","author":"R Montes-Mico","year":"2003","unstructured":"Montes-Mico R, Alio JL. Distance and near contrast sensitivity function after multifocal intraocular lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003;29:703\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0886-3350(02)01648-6.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4048_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.10.044","volume":"37","author":"AK Dexl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dexl AK, Seyeddain O, Riha W, Hohensinn M, Hitzl W, Grabner G. Reading performance after implantation of a small-aperture corneal inlay for the surgical correction of presbyopia: two-year follow-up. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37:525\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.10.044.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4048_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2003.11.051","volume":"30","author":"E Stifter","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stifter E, Sacu S, Weghaupt H, K\u00f6nig F, Richter-M\u00fcksch S, Thaler A, et al. Reading performance depending on the type of cataract and its predictability on the visual outcome. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30:1259\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2003.11.051.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4048_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.06.038","volume":"41","author":"MS Attia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Attia MS, Auffarth GU, Khoramnia R, Linz K, Kretz FT. Near and intermediate reading performance of a diffractive trifocal intraocular lens using a reading desk. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41:2707\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.06.038.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4048_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.08.011","volume":"41","author":"SM Jonker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jonker SM, Bauer NJ, Makhotkina NY, Berendschot TT, van den Biggelaar FJ, Nuijts RM. Comparison of a trifocal intraocular lens with a +3.0 D bifocal IOL: results of a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41:1631\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.08.011.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4048_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2019.05.019","volume":"45","author":"HP Sandoval","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sandoval HP, Lane S, Slade S, Potvin R, Donnenfeld ED, Solomon KD. Extended depth-of-focus toric intraocular lens targeted for binocular emmetropia or slight myopia in the nondominant eye: visual and refractive clinical outcomes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2019;45:1398\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2019.05.019.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4048_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7321794","volume":"2018","author":"S Ganesh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ganesh S, Brar S, Pawar A, Relekar KJ. Visual and refractive outcomes following bilateral implantation of extended range of vision intraocular lens with micromonovision. J Ophthalmol. 2018;2018:7321794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7321794.","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4048_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20211109-02","volume":"38","author":"MA Nanavaty","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nanavaty MA, Ashena Z, Gallagher S, Borkum S, Frattaroli P, Barbon E. Visual acuity, wavefront aberrations, and defocus curves with an enhanced monofocal and a monofocal intraocular lens: a prospective, randomized study. J Refract Surg. 2022;38:10\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/1081597X-20211109-02.","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"4048_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.08.003","volume":"64","author":"V Vargas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vargas V, Radner W, Allan BD, Reinstein DZ, Burkhard Dick H, Ali\u00f3 JL. Near vision and accommodation committee of the American-European Congress of Ophthalmology (Methods for the study of near, intermediate vision, and accommodation: an overview of subjective and objective approaches. Surv Ophthalmol. 2019;64:90\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.08.003.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4048_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01771-1","volume":"33","author":"C Artuso","year":"2021","unstructured":"Artuso C, Belacchi C. Semantic memory and reading comprehension: the relationship through adulthood and aging. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021;33:2261\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-020-01771-1.","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"4048_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610220000812","volume":"33","author":"YH Chang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang YH, Wu IC, Hsiung CA. Reading activity prevents long-term decline in cognitive function in older people: evidence from a 14-year longitudinal study. Int Psychogeriatr. 2021;33:63\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1041610220000812.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"}],"container-title":["Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-025-04048-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-025-04048-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-025-04048-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T14:39:21Z","timestamp":1764599961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-025-04048-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-025-04048-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-222X","1476-5454"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-222X","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5454","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"MAN: Member of Eye editorial board. Research grants from Alcon Laboratories, USA; European Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgery; Johnson & Johnson, USA; Rayner Intraocular lenses, UK & Ziemer, Switzerland. RM: None. ZA: None. CB: Member of Eye editorial board. Author 4\u2019s post is partly funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and the Institute of Cancer Research, London. The views are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR of the Department of Health and Social Care. DJS: Consultancy Contamac, Optical Express.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Presentation at American Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 2023, San Diego, California and European Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgery meeting 2023 in Vienna.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conference presentations"}}]}}