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Clinical and demographic data, as well as mNGS results were extracted from patient records. mNGS was performed on the Illumina NextSeq500 platform using a custom bioinformatics pipeline. The following parameters were examined: Reads Per Million, Reads Per Million-ratio to negative control and E-index (K-mers*coverage\/reads).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included three patients with novel presentations of intraocular infections, manifesting with atypical clinical manifestations and negative routine diagnostic workups. mNGS allowed the identification of\n                      <jats:italic>Cytomegalovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      in a 43-year-old male with a history of autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome,\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection manifesting with photoreceptoritis, retinal vasculitis and global retinal dysfunction in a healthy 28-year-old female, and polymicrobial endophthalmitis with\n                      <jats:italic>Rothia mucilaginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Pantoea agglomerans<\/jats:italic>\n                      following intravitreal faricimab injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in an 81-year-old male. Treatment regimens were adjusted based on mNGS results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metagenomic next-generation sequencing has an important role in the diagnosis of challenging intraocular infections. It enables comprehensive pathogen identification and enhances the precision of treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-025-04073-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T13:56:11Z","timestamp":1761400571000},"page":"3365-3371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Metagenomic next-generation sequencing: a game-changer in the diagnosis of unique intraocular infections"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1058-0286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zohar","family":"Habot-Wilner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7128-3288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Ostrovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinah","family":"Zur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shulamit","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hagin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avi","family":"Gadoth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronen","family":"Ben-Ami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Paran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanoch","family":"Goldshmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matan","family":"Slutzkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amos","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katya","family":"Levytskyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"4073_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2016.1196713","volume":"26","author":"T Tsirouki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tsirouki T, Dastiridou A, Symeonidis C, Tounakaki O, Brazitikou I, Kalogeropoulos C, et al. 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