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Injury cases were identified using body part codes for the eye, face, and head combined with product code 3235 (\u201cOther Ball Sports\u201d). Trauma\u00a0narratives were subsequently\u00a0manually reviewed to confirm sport\u00a0involvement alongside ocular and\/or orbital injury. National injury\u00a0estimates were calculated using the\u00a0NEISS-provided sample weights. Annual incidence per million people was calculated using data from\u00a0the\u00a0U.S. Census Bureau and American Community Survey. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and inferential testing using chi-square tests, ANOVA, and linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 120 confirmed cases were identified,\u00a0corresponding to an estimated 7974 ocular injuries (95% CI: 7184\u20138764). Weighted estimates attributed 3874 cases (95% CI: 3429\u20134319) to dodgeball, 2573 (95% CI: 2218\u20132928) to pickleball, and 1527 (95% CI: 1255\u20131799) to kickball. Pickleball injuries primarily affected older adults (mean age 58.27 years), whereas dodgeball and kickball injuries occurred mostly in youth (mean ages 13.32 and 14.88 years). Direct ball impact was the leading mechanism, with corneal abrasion as the most frequent diagnosis. Falls (15.38%) and orbital fractures (11.54%) were more common with pickleball. Linear regression demonstrated a\u00a0significant increase in pickleball-related ocular trauma from 2014 to 2023 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pickleball-related ocular trauma is increasing nationally, particularly among older adults. These largely preventable injuries highlight the need for sport-specific preventive strategies and increased access to protective eyewear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-025-04192-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T12:13:21Z","timestamp":1768565601000},"page":"646-653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pickleball and Ball Sports-Related Ocular Trauma in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3088-7543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jainam","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Pathuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anurag","family":"Shrivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4860-827X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim Furkan","family":"Acar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Plotnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Golnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark I.","family":"Salevitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4192_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.07.010415","volume":"7","author":"K Bu\u0107an","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bu\u0107an K, Matas A, Lovri\u0107 JM, Batisti\u0107 D, Ple\u0161tina Borjan I, Puljak L, et al. 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Within the \u201cData collection\u201d subsection in the methods, the numerical age range for teens should not say \u201c(12-17),\u201d but rather \u201c(13-17)\u201d, as age groups were mutually exclusive in our analyses. This change does not affect the analyses or results, but was solely a typographical error when drafting the methods section of the manuscript. All analyses in the original manuscript used the correct age-groupings.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":8,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":9,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":10,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-026-04662-3","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-026-04662-3","order":11,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Dr.\u00a0Andrew G. Lee, MD has served as a consultant for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Football League (NFL), the United States Department of Justice, and is a consultant for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Argenx, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Alexion, Celgene, Stoke, Ethyreal, Catalyst, Dompe, and Viridian. Dr. Lee is also on the editorial board of Frontiers in Ophthalmology, Eye, JNO, CJO, JJO, Survey of Ophthalmology, and JAMA Ophthalmology. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}