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This review discusses key mechanisms in embryodysgenesis contributing to abnormal development of the eyelids and bony orbit. Most of these anomalies can be categorized as\n                    <jats:bold>malformations<\/jats:bold>\n                    , primarily divided into two groups:\n                    <jats:bold>1. Premature Craniosynostoses<\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>2. Congenital Craniofacial Clefting Disorders<\/jats:bold>\n                    . Etiologic factors influencing both categories are reviewed, along with advantages of an adaptation of the\n                    <jats:bold>Tessier clockface system<\/jats:bold>\n                    in classifying craniofacial clefts into four regional areas. Current diagnostic and management concepts for these two major congenital craniofacial groups are reviewed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-026-04740-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:28:55Z","timestamp":1784309335000},"page":"2002-2012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Embryodysgenesis of the Lids and Orbit"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7373-2040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A.","family":"Katowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasaman","family":"Ataei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Bhoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse A.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"4740_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karen E. 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