{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:46:19Z","timestamp":1792176379763,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-026-04812-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T09:51:50Z","timestamp":1787046710000},"page":"2313-2314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Why do we still give prophylactic topical antibiotics after intravitreal injections?"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2953-2188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hashem","family":"Abu Serhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"4812_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.08.037","volume":"121","author":"P Storey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Storey P, Dollin M, Pitcher J, Reddy S, Vojtko J, Vander J, et al. The role of topical antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:283\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.08.037.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4812_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79377-w","volume":"10","author":"M Morioka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morioka M, Takamura Y, Nagai K, Yoshida S, Mori J, Takeuchi M, et al. Incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of an anti-VEGF agent with or without topical antibiotics. Sci Rep. 2020;10:22122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-79377-w.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4812_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672120902028","volume":"31","author":"S Torres-Costa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Torres-Costa S, Ramos D, Brand\u00e3o E, Carneiro \u00c2, Rosas V, Rocha-Sousa A, et al. Incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection with and without topical antibiotic prophylaxis. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2021;31:600\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1120672120902028.","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4812_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-019-00684-5","volume":"63","author":"K Tanaka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tanaka K, Shimada H, Mori R, Nakashizuka H, Hattori T, Okubo Y. No increase in incidence of post-intravitreal injection endophthalmitis without topical antibiotics: a prospective study. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2019;63:396\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10384-019-00684-5.","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4812_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001583","volume":"38","author":"M Reibaldi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reibaldi M, Pulvirenti A, Avitabile T, Bonfiglio V, Russo A, Mariotti C, et al. Pooled estimates of incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents with and without topical antibiotic prophylaxis. Retina. 2018;38:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001583.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"4812_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18412-9","volume":"7","author":"MF Bande","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bande MF, Mansilla R, Pata MP, Otero MJ, Casariego E, De la Fuente J, et al. Intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents and antibiotic prophylaxis for endophthalmitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017;7:18088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-18412-9.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4812_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.02.024","volume":"116","author":"JM Moss","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moss JM, Sanislo SR, Ta CN. A prospective randomized evaluation of topical gatifloxacin on conjunctival flora in patients undergoing intravitreal injections. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:1498\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.02.024.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4812_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.4.479","volume":"124","author":"D Miller","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miller D, Flynn PM, Scott IU, Alfonso EC, Flynn HW Jr. In vitro fluoroquinolone resistance in staphylococcal endophthalmitis isolates. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124:479\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.124.4.479.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4812_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.213","volume":"129","author":"SJ Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim SJ, Toma HS. Antimicrobial resistance and ophthalmic antibiotics: 1-year results of a longitudinal controlled study of patients undergoing intravitreal injections. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011;129:1180\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.213.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4812_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tabano D, Watane A, Gale R, Cox O, Hill SR, Longworth L, et al. The economic burden of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor on patients and caregivers in the UK, Europe, and North America. Advances in Therapy. Advance online publication. (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-025-01180-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-025-01180-5"},{"key":"4812_CR11","first-page":"5544","volume":"52","author":"E Sharifi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sharifi E, Porco T, Kinyoun J, Naseri A. A cost and cost-effective equivalence study of post intravitreal injection endophthalmitis prophylaxis. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:5544.","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-026-04812-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-026-04812-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-026-04812-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:55:43Z","timestamp":1792173343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-026-04812-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["4812"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-026-04812-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-222X","1476-5454"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-222X","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5454","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The author declares no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}