{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:06:47Z","timestamp":1789654007423,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK120680"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK120680"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK120680"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK120680"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gene Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41434-026-00634-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:10:42Z","timestamp":1786036242000},"page":"596-608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A gene therapy approach to prevent dilated intercellular space, a hallmark of gastroesophageal reflux disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Gillian M.","family":"Schiralli Lester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Barravecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lananh N.","family":"Whigham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jada M.","family":"Hooker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen L.","family":"de Mesy Bentley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongren","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7748-8073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"634_CR1","first-page":"241","volume":"26","author":"F De Giorgi","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Giorgi F, Palmiero M, Esposito I, Mosca F, Cuomo R. Pathophysiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2006;26:241\u20136.","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"634_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.444","volume":"108","author":"PO Katz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:308\u201328; quiz 329.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"634_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103042","volume":"365","author":"F Hvid-Jensen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hvid-Jensen F, Pedersen L, Drewes AM, Sorensen HT, Funch-Jensen P. Incidence of adenocarcinoma among patients with Barrett\u2019s esophagus. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:1375\u201383.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"634_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr203","volume":"103","author":"S Bhat","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bhat S, Coleman HG, Yousef F, Johnston BT, McManus DT, Gavin AT, et al. Risk of malignant progression in Barrett\u2019s esophagus patients: results from a large population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103:1049\u201357.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"634_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(00)80032-6","volume":"22","author":"J Horn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Horn J. The proton-pump inhibitors: similarities and differences. Clin Ther. 2000;22:266\u201380; discussion 265.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"634_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0012","volume":"19","author":"H Pohl","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pohl H, Sirovich B, Welch HG. Esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence: are we reaching the peak? Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2010;19:1468\u201370.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"key":"634_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.1848","volume":"176","author":"R Lozano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lozano R. Adverse Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Chronic Kidney Disease. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176:866\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"634_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0124653","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124653","volume":"10","author":"NH Shah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shah NH, LePendu P, Bauer-Mehren A, Ghebremariam YT, Iyer SV, Marcus J, et al. Proton Pump Inhibitor Usage and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction in the General Population. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0124653.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"634_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-009-0030-6","volume":"11","author":"LA Orlando","year":"2009","unstructured":"Orlando LA, Orlando RC. Dilated intercellular spaces as a marker of GERD. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2009;11:190\u20134.","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"634_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.233049","volume":"60","author":"R Farre","year":"2011","unstructured":"Farre R, Blondeau K, Clement D, Vicario M, Cardozo L, Vieth M, et al. Evaluation of oesophageal mucosa integrity by the intraluminal impedance technique. Gut. 2011;60:885\u201392.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"634_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.141804","volume":"57","author":"R Farre","year":"2008","unstructured":"Farre R, van Malenstein H, De Vos R, Geboes K, Depoortere I, Vanden Berghe P, et al. Short exposure of oesophageal mucosa to bile acids, both in acidic and weakly acidic conditions, can impair mucosal integrity and provoke dilated intercellular spaces. Gut. 2008;57:1366\u201374.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"634_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2013.828772","volume":"48","author":"EV Bjorkman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bjorkman EV, Edebo A, Oltean M, Casselbrant A. Esophageal barrier function and tight junction expression in healthy subjects and patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: functionality of esophageal mucosa exposed to bile salt and trypsin in vitro. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2013;48:1118\u201326.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"634_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-005-0045-9","volume":"447","author":"H Gyorffy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gyorffy H, Holczbauer A, Nagy P, Szabo Z, Kupcsulik P, Paska C, et al. Claudin expression in Barrett\u2019s esophagus and adenocarcinoma. Virchows Arch Int J Pathol. 2005;447:961\u20138.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch Int J Pathol"},{"key":"634_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2014.05.011","volume":"41","author":"XB Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu XB, Hu Y, Wang Y, Lai CJ, Zhang TY. Expression of claudin-3 in the esophagus and larynx of rat reflux model. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2014;41:539\u201342.","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"634_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2012.09.010","volume":"40","author":"Y Hu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hu Y, Xu X, Xu L, Lai C, Zhang T. Dilated intercellular space in the larynx and esophagus of a rabbit reflux model. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2013;40:379\u201382.","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"634_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-005-1628-6","volume":"40","author":"D Asaoka","year":"2005","unstructured":"Asaoka D, Miwa H, Hirai S, Ohkawa A, Kurosawa A, Kawabe M, et al. Altered localization and expression of tight-junction proteins in a rat model with chronic acid reflux esophagitis. J Gastroenterol. 2005;40:781\u201390.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"634_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01713.x","volume":"18","author":"C Calabrese","year":"2003","unstructured":"Calabrese C, Fabbri A, Bortolotti M, Cenacchi G, Areni A, Scialpi C, et al. Dilated intercellular spaces as a marker of oesophageal damage: comparative results in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease with or without bile reflux. Alimentary Pharmacol Therapeut. 2003;18:525\u201332.","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacol Therapeut"},{"key":"634_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.40978.x","volume":"100","author":"R Caviglia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Caviglia R, Ribolsi M, Maggiano N, Gabbrielli AM, Emerenziani S, Guarino MP, et al. Dilated intercellular spaces of esophageal epithelium in nonerosive reflux disease patients with physiological esophageal acid exposure. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:543\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"634_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280050032","volume":"436","author":"E Solcia","year":"2000","unstructured":"Solcia E, Villani L, Luinetti O, Trespi E, Strada E, Tinelli C, et al. Altered intercellular glycoconjugates and dilated intercellular spaces of esophageal epithelium in reflux disease. Virchows Arch Int J Pathol. 2000;436:207\u201316.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch Int J Pathol"},{"key":"634_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v111.pm8898633","volume":"111","author":"NA Tobey","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tobey NA, Carson JL, Alkiek RA, Orlando RC. Dilated intercellular spaces: a morphological feature of acid reflux-damaged human esophageal epithelium. Gastroenterology. 1996;111:1200\u20135.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"634_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000048833","volume":"64","author":"V Villanacci","year":"2001","unstructured":"Villanacci V, Grigolato PG, Cestari R, Missale G, Cengia G, Klersy C, et al. Dilated intercellular spaces as markers of reflux disease: histology, semiquantitative score and morphometry upon light microscopy. Digestion. 2001;64:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"634_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2010.08.008","volume":"24","author":"RC Orlando","year":"2010","unstructured":"Orlando RC. The integrity of the esophageal mucosa. Balance between offensive and defensive mechanisms. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2010;24:873\u201382.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"634_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1159\/000445225","volume":"34","author":"RF Souza","year":"2016","unstructured":"Souza RF. From Reflux Esophagitis to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Digest Dis. 2016;34:483\u201390.","journal-title":"Digest Dis"},{"key":"634_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2011.437","volume":"7","author":"J Kalabis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kalabis J, Wong GS, Vega ME, Natsuizaka M, Robertson ES, Herlyn M, et al. Isolation and characterization of mouse and human esophageal epithelial cells in 3D organotypic culture. Nat Protoc. 2012;7:235\u201346.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"634_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.102","volume":"106","author":"B Jovov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jovov B, Que J, Tobey NA, Djukic Z, Hogan BL, Orlando RC. Role of E-cadherin in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106:1039\u201347.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"634_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-015-3062-2","volume":"20","author":"S Ghatak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghatak S, Reveiller M, Toia L, Ivanov AI, Zhou Z, Redmond EM, et al. Bile Salts at Low pH Cause Dilation of Intercellular Spaces in In Vitro Stratified Primary Esophageal Cells, Possibly by Modulating Wnt Signaling. J Gastrointest Surg. 2016;20:500\u20139.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"634_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2016.19","volume":"23","author":"X Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin X, Barravecchia M, Kothari P, Young JL, Dean DA. beta1-Na(+),K(+)-ATPase gene therapy upregulates tight junctions to rescue lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Gene Ther. 2016;23:489\u201399.","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"634_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.4.549","volume":"41","author":"RM Schmid","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schmid RM, Weidenbach H, Draenert GF, Liptay S, Luhrs H, Adler G. Liposome mediated gene transfer into the rat oesophagus. Gut. 1997;41:549\u201356.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"634_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2010.078","volume":"22","author":"AA Tarhini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tarhini AA, Belani CP, Luketich JD, Argiris A, Ramalingam SS, Gooding W, et al. A phase I study of concurrent chemotherapy (paclitaxel and carboplatin) and thoracic radiotherapy with swallowed manganese superoxide dismutase plasmid liposome protection in patients with locally advanced stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. Hum Gene Ther. 2011;22:336\u201342.","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"634_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-003-8146-5","volume":"17","author":"F Teraishi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Teraishi F, Umeoka T, Saito T, Tsukagoshi T, Tanaka N, Fujiwara T. A novel method for gene delivery and expression in esophageal epithelium with fibrin glues containing replication-deficient adenovirus vector. Surgical Endosc. 2003;17:1845\u20138.","journal-title":"Surgical Endosc"},{"key":"634_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302053","volume":"10","author":"DA Dean","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dean DA, Machado-Aranda D, Blair-Parks K, Yeldandi AV, Young JL. Electroporation as a method for high-level non-viral gene transfer to the lung. Gene Ther. 2003;10:1608\u201315.","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"634_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200608-1246OC","volume":"176","author":"GM Mutlu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mutlu GM, Machado-Aranda D, Norton JE, Bellmeyer A, Urich D, Zhou R, et al. Electroporation-mediated gene transfer of the Na+,K+-ATPase rescues endotoxin-induced lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176:582\u201390.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"634_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302021","volume":"10","author":"JL Young","year":"2003","unstructured":"Young JL, Benoit JN, Dean DA. Effect of a DNA nuclear targeting sequence on gene transfer and expression of plasmids in the intact vasculature. Gene Ther. 2003;10:1465\u201370.","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"634_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55819-y","volume":"9","author":"X Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin X, Barravecchia M, Matthew Kottmann R, Sime P, Dean DA. Caveolin-1 gene therapy inhibits inflammasome activation to protect from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep. 2019;9:19643.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"634_CR35","first-page":"729","volume":"1","author":"H Harada","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harada H, Nakagawa H, Oyama K, Takaoka M, Andl CD, Jacobmeier B, et al. Telomerase induces immortalization of human esophageal keratinocytes without p16INK4a inactivation. Mol Cancer Res. 2003;1:729\u201338.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res"},{"key":"634_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25995","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.496489","volume":"288","author":"M Natarajan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Natarajan M, Schiralli Lester GM, Lee C, Missra A, Wasserman GA, Steffen M, et al. Negative elongation factor (NELF) coordinates RNA polymerase II pausing, premature termination, and chromatin remodeling to regulate HIV transcription. J Biol Chem. 2013;288:25995\u20136003.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"634_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.134881","volume":"6","author":"H Bai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bai H, Zhou R, Barravecchia M, Norman R, Friedman A, Yu D, et al. The Na+, K+-ATPase beta1 subunit regulates epithelial tight junctions via MRCKalpha. JCI Insight. 2021;6:e134881.","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"634_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33985-4","volume":"13","author":"J Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu J, Schiralli-Lester GM, Norman R, Dean DA. Upregulation of alveolar fluid clearance is not sufficient for Na(+),K(+)-ATPase beta subunit-mediated gene therapy of LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. Sci Rep. 2023;13:6792.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"634_CR39","first-page":"81","volume":"1","author":"C Elton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Elton C, Uppal R, Moore D, Goldspink G, Winslet M. Partial cardiomyectomy-an animal model of gastro-oesophageal reflux. Int J Surgical Investig. 1999;1:81\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Surgical Investig"},{"key":"634_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3621","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.3621","volume":"15","author":"FY Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li FY, Li Y. Interleukin-6, desmosome and tight junction protein expression levels in reflux esophagitis-affected mucosa. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15:3621\u201330.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"634_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00757","volume":"8","author":"I Vadasz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vadasz I, Sznajder JI. Gas Exchange Disturbances Regulate Alveolar Fluid Clearance during Acute Lung Injury. Front Immunol. 2017;8:757.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"634_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99897-3","volume":"11","author":"J Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu J, Dean DA. Gene transfer of MRCKalpha rescues lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by restoring alveolar capillary barrier function. Sci Rep. 2021;11:20862.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"634_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301561","volume":"8","author":"DR Gill","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gill DR, Smyth SE, Goddard CA, Pringle IA, Higgins CF, Colledge WH, et al. Increased persistence of lung gene expression using plasmids containing the ubiquitin C or elongation factor 1alpha promoter. Gene Ther. 2001;8:1539\u201346.","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"634_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl16615","volume":"12","author":"DS Sandhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sandhu DS, Fass R. Current Trends in the Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Gut Liver. 2018;12:7\u201316.","journal-title":"Gut Liver"}],"container-title":["Gene Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41434-026-00634-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41434-026-00634-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41434-026-00634-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T13:58:31Z","timestamp":1789653511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41434-026-00634-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41434-026-00634-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0969-7128","1476-5462"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0969-7128","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5462","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 July 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"GMSL, JH, MB, LH, JMH, KLdMB, and JLY have no conflicts to declare. DAD is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Seawolf Therapeutics for which he receives compensation and equity interest. DAD and ZZ have submitted an application for a U.S. Provisional Patent No. 63\/387,771, entitled Repairment of Barrier Dysfunction in Esophagus, as inventors of this technology.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"Human lung tissues from patients with and without GERD, Barrett\u2019s esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma were obtained from excess biopsy material at the Rutgers University School of Medicine using an Institutional Review Board approved protocol. All animal studies were approved by the University of Rochester Committee on Animal Resources and experimental procedures were carried out under the institutional guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals in an American Association for the Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care-approved facility. All animal studies complied with the ARRIVE guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}