{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T20:30:49Z","timestamp":1783456249272,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640563200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hypertens Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-021-00836-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T05:02:40Z","timestamp":1640581360000},"page":"496-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists on sex hormones and body composition in patients with primary aldosteronism"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Toru","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuhiro","family":"Ichihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"836_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1472","volume":"101","author":"SC K\u00e4yser","year":"2016","unstructured":"K\u00e4yser SC, Dekkers T, Groenewoud HJ, van der Wilt GJ, Carel Bakx J, van der Wel MC, et al. Study heterogeneity and estimation of prevalence of primary aldosteronism: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101:2826\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2016-1472","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"836_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000230444.01215.6a","volume":"48","author":"GP Rossi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rossi GP, Bernini G, Desideri G, Fabris B, Ferri C, Giacchetti G, et al. Renal damage in primary aldosteronism. Hypertension. 2006;48:232\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.HYP.0000230444.01215.6a","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"836_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/00132586-200006000-00059","volume":"44","author":"B Pitt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, Cody R, Castaigne A, Perez A, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Surv Anesthesiol. 2000;44:182 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00132586-200006000-00059","journal-title":"Surv Anesthesiol"},{"key":"836_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2009.244","volume":"7","author":"JL Samuel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Samuel JL, Delcayre C. Heart failure: Aldosterone antagonists are underused by clinicians. Nat Rev Cardiol 2010;7:125\u20137.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"836_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(02)02957-6","volume":"15","author":"MH Weinberger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Weinberger MH, Roniker B, Krause SL, Weiss RJ. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in mild-to-moderate hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2002;15:709\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0895-7061(02)02957-6","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"836_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-020-0377-6","volume":"35","author":"N Wan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wan N, Rahman A. Nishiyama A. Esaxerenone, a novel nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor blocker (MRB) in hypertension and chronic kidney disease. J Hum Hypertens. 2021;35:148\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41371-020-0377-6","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"836_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.06.015","volume":"761","author":"K Arai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arai K, Homma T, Morikawa Y, Ubukata N, Tsuruoka H, Aoki K, et al. Pharmacological profile of CS-3150, a novel, highly potent and selective non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Eur J Pharm. 2015;761:226\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.06.015","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm"},{"key":"836_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-019-0270-2","volume":"42","author":"H Itoh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Itoh H, Ito S, Rakugi H, Okuda Y, Nishioka S. Efficacy and safety of dosage-escalation of low-dosage esaxerenone added to a RAS inhibitor in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria: a single-arm, open-label study. Hypertens Res. 2019;42:1572\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41440-019-0270-2","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"836_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-020-0495-0","volume":"43","author":"K Arai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arai K, Morikawa Y, Ubukata N, Sugimoto K. Synergistic reduction in albuminuria in type 2 diabetic mice by esaxerenone (CS-3150), a novel nonsteroidal selective mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, combined with an angiotensin II receptor blocker. Hypertens Res. 2020;43:1204\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41440-020-0495-0","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"836_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-020-00570-5","volume":"44","author":"F Satoh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Satoh F, Ito S, Itoh H, Rakugi H, Shibata H, Ichihara A, et al. Efficacy and safety of esaxerenone (CS-3150), a newly available nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, in hypertensive patients with primary aldosteronism. Hypertens Res. 2021;44:464\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41440-020-00570-5","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"836_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-020-00585-y","volume":"44","author":"S Ito","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ito S, Itoh H, Rakugi H, Okuda Y, Iijima S. Antihypertensive effects and safety of esaxerenone in patients with moderate kidney dysfunction. Hypertens Res. 2021;44:489\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41440-020-00585-y","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"836_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13746","volume":"594","author":"M Takahashi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Takahashi M, Ubukata O, Homma T, Asoh Y, Honzumi M, Hayashi N, et al. Crystal structure of the mineralocorticoid receptor ligand\u2010binding domain in complex with a potent and selective nonsteroidal blocker, esaxerenone (CS\u20103150). FEBS Lett. 2020;594:1615\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1873-3468.13746","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"836_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E601","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00362.2001","volume":"282","author":"AA Ferrando","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ferrando AA, Sheffield-Moore M, Yeckel CW, Gilkison C, Jiang J, Achacosa A, et al. Testosterone administration to older men improves muscle function: molecular and physiological mechanisms. Am J Physiol Metab. 2002;282:E601\u2013E607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00362.2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Metab"},{"key":"836_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021041","volume":"88","author":"AA Ferrando","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ferrando AA, Sheffield-Moore M, Paddon-Jones D, Wolfe RR, Urban RJ. Differential anabolic effects of testosterone and amino acid feeding in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:358\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2002-021041","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"836_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E820","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1995.269.5.E820","volume":"269","author":"RJ Urban","year":"1995","unstructured":"Urban RJ, Bodenburg YH, Gilkison C, Foxworth J, Coggan AR, Wolfe RR, et al. Testosterone administration to elderly men increases skeletal muscle strength and protein synthesis. Am J Physiol Metab. 1995;269:E820\u2013E826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.1995.269.5.E820","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Metab"},{"key":"836_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2014). Hypertens Res 2014;37:253\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/hr.2014.20","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2014.20"},{"key":"836_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.12.034","volume":"53","author":"S Matsuo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Matsuo S, Imai E, Horio M, Yasuda Y, Tomita K, Nitta K, et al. Revised equations for estimated GFR from serum creatinine in Japan. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;53:982\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.12.034","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"836_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000762","volume":"34","author":"GC Roush","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roush GC, Ernst ME, Kostis JB, Yeasmin S, Sica DA. Dose doubling, relative potency, and dose equivalence of potassium-sparing diuretics affecting blood pressure and serum potassium: systematic review and meta-analyses. J Hypertens. 2016;34:11\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000762","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"836_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.84a.17056","volume":"84","author":"BF Palmer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperkalemia. Cleve Clin J Med. 2017;84:934\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3949\/ccjm.84a.17056","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"836_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2013.74","volume":"36","author":"A Sato","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sato A, Fukuda S. Effect of aldosterone breakthrough on albuminuria during treatment with a direct renin inhibitor and combined effect with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Hypertens Res. 2013;36:879\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/hr.2013.74","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"836_CR21","first-page":"650","volume":"240","author":"M de Gasparo","year":"1987","unstructured":"de Gasparo M, Joss U, Ramjou\u00e9 HP, Whitebread SE, Haenni H, Schenkel L, et al. Three new epoxy-spirolactone derivatives: characterization in vivo and in vitro. J Pharm Exp Ther. 1987;240:650\u20136. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/2949071","journal-title":"J Pharm Exp Ther"},{"key":"836_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2009.12.001","volume":"71","author":"A Bachelot","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bachelot A, Chabbert-Buffet N, Salenave S, Kerlan V, Galand-Portier M-B. Anti-androgen treatments. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2010;71:19\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ando.2009.12.001","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)"},{"key":"836_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-019-0207-x","volume":"33","author":"S Ito","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ito S, Itoh H, Rakugi H, Okuda Y, Yamakawa S. Efficacy and safety of esaxerenone (CS-3150) for the treatment of essential hypertension: a phase 2 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J Hum Hypertens. 2019;33:542\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41371-019-0207-x","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"836_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-016-0245-x","volume":"18","author":"AM Layton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Layton AM, Eady EA, Whitehouse H, Del Rosso JQ, Fedorowicz Z, van Zuuren EJ. Oral spironolactone for acne vulgaris in adult females: a hybrid systematic review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2017;18:169\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40257-016-0245-x","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"836_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2019.11.006","volume":"31","author":"A Feraco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feraco A, Marzolla V, Scuteri A, Armani A, Caprio M. Mineralocorticoid receptors in metabolic syndrome: from physiology to disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2020;31:205\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2019.11.006","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"836_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.095489","volume":"51","author":"NJ Brown","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brown NJ. Aldosterone and vascular inflammation. Hypertension. 2008;51:161\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.095489","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"836_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2003.10.054","volume":"217","author":"JW Funder","year":"2004","unstructured":"Funder JW. Aldosterone, mineralocorticoid receptors and vascular inflammation. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2004;217:263\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2003.10.054","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"836_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1674","volume":"147","author":"A Turchin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turchin A, Guo CZ, Adler GK, Ricchiuti V, Kohane IS, Williams GH. Effect of acute aldosterone administration on gene expression profile in the heart. Endocrinology. 2006;147:3183\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2005-1674","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"836_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.748640","volume":"117","author":"C Guo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guo C, Ricchiuti V, Lian BQ, Yao TM, Coutinho P, Romero JR, et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade reverses obesity-related changes in expression of adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3, and proinflammatory adipokines. Circulation. 2008;117:2253\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.748640","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"836_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvp191","volume":"84","author":"A Hirata","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hirata A, Maeda N, Hiuge A, Hibuse T, Fujita K, Okada T, et al. Blockade of mineralocorticoid receptor reverses adipocyte dysfunction and insulin resistance in obese mice. Cardiovasc Res. 2009;84:164\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvp191","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"836_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht095","volume":"34","author":"N Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4fer N, Lohmann C, Winnik S, van Tits LJ, Miranda MX, Vergopoulos A, et al. Endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor activation mediates endothelial dysfunction in diet-induced obesity. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:3515\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht095","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"836_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-7970com","volume":"21","author":"M Caprio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Caprio M, F\u00e8ve B, Cla\u00ebs A, Viengchareun S, Lomb\u00e8s M, Zennaro M-C. Pivotal role of the mineralocorticoid receptor in corticosteroid\u2010induced adipogenesis. FASEB J. 2007;21:2185\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.06-7970com","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"836_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr100","volume":"66A","author":"TG Travison","year":"2011","unstructured":"Travison TG, Basaria S, Storer TW, Jette AM, Miciek R, Farwell WR, et al. Clinical meaningfulness of the changes in muscle performance and physical function associated with testosterone administration in older men with mobility limitation. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011;66A:1090\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glr100","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Hypertension Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41440-021-00836-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41440-021-00836-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41440-021-00836-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T07:09:53Z","timestamp":1644822593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41440-021-00836-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["836"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41440-021-00836-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0916-9636","1348-4214"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0916-9636","type":"print"},{"value":"1348-4214","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 November 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 December 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"SM and AI received honorarium as a lecture fee from Daiichi Sankyo Company Limited.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}