{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:58:51Z","timestamp":1790801931029,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hypertens Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Preclinical and early clinical studies suggest that catheter-based hepatic artery denervation is a neuromodulation strategy with potential relevance for blood pressure and cardiometabolic regulation, but high-resolution human data on nerves along the hepatic arterial course remain limited. This study aimed to characterize periarterial nerves along the human hepatic artery and to identify anatomically favorable target regions for catheter-based denervation. Hepatic arteries with surrounding tissue were excised from 10 human donors. Immunofluorescence staining was used to assess periarterial nerve density and diameter. A total of 13,165 nerves were analyzed. Median nerve diameter decreased from 93\u2009\u00b5m [IQR 54\u2013165] at 1\u2009cm to 72\u2009\u00b5m [IQR 48\u2013120] at 7\u2009cm distal to the coeliac trunk (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The largest nerves were predominantly located in the posterior and inferior quadrants, with median diameters of 85\u2009\u00b5m [IQR 48\u2013176] and 85\u2009\u00b5m [IQR 48\u2013158], respectively. Mean nerve density was significantly higher in proximal (1\u20133\u2009cm) than distal (4\u20137\u2009cm) segments (233\u2009\u00b1\u2009124 vs. 159\u2009\u00b1\u200976 nerves\/cm\u00b2,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Lumen-nerve distance was significantly shorter in proximal than distal segments (2.03\u2009mm [IQR 1.23\u20133.58] vs. 2.57\u2009mm [IQR 1.26\u20134.67],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and was shortest in the anterior quadrant (1.75\u2009mm [IQR 1.10\u20133.23],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Thus, proximal hepatic artery segments are characterized by larger nerve diameters, higher nerve density, and shorter lumen-nerve distances than distal segments. These anatomical findings identify a potentially favorable target zone and may help guide the safe and effective application of hepatic denervation in humans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-026-02830-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:46:10Z","timestamp":1790754370000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Periarterial nerves along the human hepatic artery: anatomical determinants for cardiometabolic neuromodulation"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"given":"Mert","family":"Tokcan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Hohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Lauder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Hermens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helge","family":"Struthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Therre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin Victoria","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai Markus","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Bettink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Federspiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Tschernig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Scheller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saarraaken","family":"Kulenthiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Mahfoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2830_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2013.tb00506.x","volume":"3","author":"KJ Jensen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jensen KJ, Alpini G, Glaser S. Hepatic nervous system and neurobiology of the liver. Compr Physiol. 2013;3:655\u201365.","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"2830_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-023-01287-x","volume":"46","author":"MG Kiuchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kiuchi MG, Carnagarin R, Matthews VB, Schlaich MP. Multi-organ denervation: a novel approach to combat cardiometabolic disease. Hypertens Res. 2023;46:1747\u201358.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"2830_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-57237","volume":"43","author":"M Adori","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adori M, Bhat S, Gramignoli R, Valladolid-Acebes I, Bengtsson T, Uhl\u00e8n M, et al. Hepatic innervation and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 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LL received consulting fees from Medtronic, Recor, and Biosensors, and speaker honoraria from AstraZeneca, Medtronic, Pfizer, Recor, Sanofi, and Servier; all payments were made to the institution. MB is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation; TTR 219, project number 32 322900939) and reports personal fees from Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytokinetics, Edwards, Medtronic, Novartis, Recor, Servier and Vifor during the conduct of the study. FM is supported by Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Kardiologie (DGK), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB TRR219, Project-ID 322900939), and Deutsche Herzstiftung. His institution (Saarland University) has received scientific support from Ablative Solutions, Medtronic and ReCor Medical. He has received speaker honoraria\/consulting fees from Ablative Solutions, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Inari, Medtronic, Merck, ReCor Medical, Servier, and Terumo. CVS received a travel grant from Ipsen in 2025 and consulting honoraria from Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Takeda, and AirNA in 2025. Bruno Scheller received speaker honoraria\/consulting fees from Medtronic, B.Braun, and Cordis. MH, AH, HS, MTh, SK, KMS, JF and TT have nothing to disclose regarding this manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}}]}}