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These techniques neglect volume loss or hourglass deformities. Inter-provider variability complicates accuracy. Using 3D-printed models, we aimed to evaluate measurement accuracy and variability and establish computational assessment workflows. Five digital phantoms were created: 13.0\u2009cm cylinder, 13.0\u2009cm hourglass cylinder, 15.0\u2009cm cylinder with 40\u00b0 angulation, 12.0\u2009cm straight penis, and 12.9\u2009cm PD penis with 68\u00b0 angulation and hourglass. Lengths, volumes, and angles were determined computationally. Each phantom was 3D-printed. Ten urology providers determined lengths, angles, and volumes with measuring tape, goniometer, and volume calculator. Provider versus computational measurements were compared to determine accuracy using t-tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. No significant differences were observed between manual assessment of length of penile models and designed length in penile models. Average curvature angles from providers for bent cylinder and PD phantoms were 38.3\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20093.9\u00b0 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.25) and 57.5\u00b0\u2006\u00b1\u20067.2\u00b0 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006), respectively. When assessing for volume, hourglass cylinder and bent cylinder showed significant differences between designed volume and provider averages. All assessments of length, angle, and volume showed significant provider variability. Our results suggest manual measurements suffer from inaccuracy and variability. Computational workflows are useful for improved accuracy and volume assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-021-00486-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]],"date-time":"2021-11-06T18:02:28Z","timestamp":1636221748000},"page":"786-789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["3D-printed phantoms to quantify accuracy and variability of goniometric and volumetric assessment of Peyronie\u2019s disease deformities"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Dyvon T.","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommy","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Santamaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0492-9987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vadim","family":"Osadchiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renea M.","family":"Sturm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7833-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse N.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1199-0615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sriram V.","family":"Eleswarapu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"486_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2007.08.017","volume":"34","author":"FL Taylor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Taylor FL, Levine LA. 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Mills is a consultant for Antares Pharma, Boston Scientific, and Endo Pharmaceuticals. Dyvon T. Walker, Sriram V. Eleswarapu, Tommy Jiang, Vadim Osadchiy, Alvaro Santamaria, Doug Daniels, and Renea M. Sturm have no disclosures.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}