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Abnormal GC responses could lead to the production of pathogenic autoantibodies and the development of autoimmunity. Here we show that miR-146a controls GC responses by targeting multiple CD40 signaling pathway components in B cells; by contrast, loss of miR-146a in T cells does not alter humoral responses. However, specific deletion of both miR-146a and its paralog, miR-146b, in T cells increases Tfh cell numbers and enhanced GC reactions. Thus, our data reveal differential cell-intrinsic regulations of GC B and Tfh cells by miR-146a and miR-146b. Together, members of the miR-146 family serve as crucial molecular brakes to coordinately control GC reactions to generate protective humoral responses without eliciting unwanted autoimmunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05196-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T15:02:03Z","timestamp":1531234923000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Differential cell-intrinsic regulations of germinal center B and T cells by miR-146a and miR-146b"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3109-0216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunglim","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyang-Mi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2369-5816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I-Shing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youn Soo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsi-Yuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somaye Sadat","family":"Hashemifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling-Li","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-Chi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikita D.","family":"Afanasiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aly Azeem","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Wha","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander Y.","family":"Rudensky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6484-6262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shane","family":"Crotty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9727-0036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Fan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"5196_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.9.2848","volume":"138","author":"Y Ron","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ron, Y. & Sprent, J. 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