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The host relies on pattern-recognition receptors including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) to sense invading fungal pathogens and launch immune defense mechanisms. However, the complex interplay between fungus and host innate immunity remains incompletely understood. Here we report that\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    upregulates expression of a small secreted cysteine-rich protein Sel1 upon encountering limited nitrogen and abundant serum. Sel1 activates NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling pathways, leading to expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Comprehensive genetic and biochemical analyses reveal both TLR2 and TLR4 are required for the recognition of Sel1. Further,\n                    <jats:italic>SEL1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -deficient\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    display an impaired immune response in vivo, causing increased morbidity and mortality in a bloodstream infection model. We identify a critical component in the Candida-host interaction that opens a new avenue to tackle Candida infection and inflammation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08950-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T06:03:46Z","timestamp":1551679426000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["A small secreted protein triggers a TLR2\/4-dependent inflammatory response during invasive Candida albicans infection"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihou","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wencheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiongjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longhai","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1477-1466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengshu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Zhong","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5304-243X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangye","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"8950_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1315399","volume":"373","author":"BJ Kullberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kullberg, B. 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