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Here we annually resolve RTS formation and longevity for Banks Island, Canada (70,000 km<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) using the Google Earth Engine Timelapse dataset. We describe a 60-fold increase in numbers between 1984 and 2015 as more than 4000 RTS were initiated, primarily following four particularly warm summers. Colour change due to increased turbidity occurred in 288 lakes affected by RTS outflows and sediment accumulated in many valley floors. Modelled RTS initiation rates increased by an order of magnitude between 1906\u20131985 and 2006\u20132015, and are projected under RCP4.5 to rise to &gt;10,000 decade<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> after 2075. These results provide additional evidence that ice-rich continuous permafrost terrain can be highly vulnerable to changing summer climate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09314-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T16:08:04Z","timestamp":1554221284000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":387,"title":["Extremes of summer climate trigger thousands of thermokarst landslides in a High Arctic environment"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9307-2147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoni G.","family":"Lewkowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Way","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"9314_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13043","volume":"7","author":"D Olefeldt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Olefeldt, D. et al. 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