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Recombination, or rather segmented gene conversion, is fundamental in\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma brucei<\/jats:italic>\n                    for both\n                    <jats:italic>VSG<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene switching and for generating antigenic diversity during infections.\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a related, livestock pathogen whose\n                    <jats:italic>VSG<\/jats:italic>\n                    lack structures that facilitate gene conversion in\n                    <jats:italic>T. brucei<\/jats:italic>\n                    and mechanisms underlying its antigenic diversity are poorly understood. Here we show that species-wide\n                    <jats:italic>VSG<\/jats:italic>\n                    repertoire is broadly conserved across diverse\n                    <jats:italic>T. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    clinical strains and has limited antigenic repertoire. We use variant antigen profiling, coalescent approaches and experimental infections to show that recombination plays little role in diversifying\n                    <jats:italic>T. vivax VSG<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences. These results have immediate consequences for both the current mechanistic model of antigenic variation in African trypanosomes and species differences in virulence and transmission, requiring reconsideration of the wider epidemiology of animal African trypanosomiasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14575-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T06:03:58Z","timestamp":1581487438000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Variant antigen diversity in Trypanosoma vivax is not driven by recombination"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6590-6626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Silva Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayo J. 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