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Previous studies established that uropathogenic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> \u2013 the primary cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) \u2013 can adhere to vaginal epithelial cells preceding UTI. Here, we demonstrate that diverse urinary <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates not only adhere to, but also invade vaginal cells. Intracellular colonization of the vaginal epithelium is detected in acute and chronic murine UTI models indicating the ability of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> to reside in the vagina following UTI. Conversely, in a vaginal colonization model, <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> are detected inside vaginal cells and the urinary tract, indicating that vaginal colonization can seed the bladder. More critically, bacteria are identified inside vaginal cells from clinical samples from women with a history of recurrent UTI. 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