{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T16:09:23Z","timestamp":1790438963147,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595808000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine expressing the Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) (rVSV-ZEBOV) was successfully used during the 2013-16 EBOV epidemic. Additionally, chimeric and human monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against the EBOV GP\u00a0have shown promise in animals and humans when administered therapeutically. Uncertainty exists regarding the efficacy of postexposure antibody treatments in the event of a known exposure of a recent rVSV-ZEBOV vaccinee. Here, we model a worst-case scenario using rhesus monkeys vaccinated or unvaccinated with the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine. We demonstrate that animals challenged with a uniformly lethal dose of EBOV one day following vaccination, and then treated with the anti-EBOV GP mAb MIL77 starting 3 days postexposure show no evidence of clinical illness and survive challenge. In contrast, animals receiving only vaccination or only mAb-based therapy become ill, with decreased survival compared to animals vaccinated and subsequently treated with MIL77. These results suggest that rVSV-ZEBOV augments immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17446-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T06:03:22Z","timestamp":1595829802000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Prior vaccination with rVSV-ZEBOV does not interfere with but improves efficacy of postexposure antibody treatment"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7718-1522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert W.","family":"Cross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary A.","family":"Bornholdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4147-2077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhishek N.","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan B.","family":"Geisbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktoriya","family":"Borisevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7319-6935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krystle N.","family":"Agans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Deer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2713-5338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Melody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla A.","family":"Fenton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9448-8227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heinz","family":"Feldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4712-5201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armand","family":"Sprecher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6857-1024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larry","family":"Zeitlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0858-1877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Geisbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"17446_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-017-1455-x","volume":"53","author":"P Reynolds","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reynolds, P. & Marzi, A. Ebola and Marburg virus vaccines. Virus Genes 53, 501\u2013515 (2017).","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"17446_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.251","volume":"17","author":"RW Cross","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cross, R. W., Mire, C. E., Feldmann, H. & Geisbert, T. W. Post-exposure treatments for Ebola and Marburg virus infections. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 17, 413\u2013434 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"17446_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.12.005","volume":"25","author":"ZA Bornholdt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bornholdt, Z. A. et al. A two-antibody pan-ebolavirus cocktail confers broad therapeutic protection in ferrets and nonhuman primates. Cell Host Microbe 25, 49\u201358 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"17446_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32621-6","volume":"389","author":"AM Henao-Restrepo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Henao-Restrepo, A. M. et al. Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine in preventing Ebola virus disease: final results from the Guinea ring vaccination, open-label, cluster-randomised trial (Ebola Ca Suffit!). Lancet 389, 505\u2013518 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"17446_CR5","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Preliminary results on the efficacy of rVSV-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine using the ring vaccination strategy in the control of an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: an example of integration of research into epidemic response. https:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/resources\/publications\/ebola\/ebola-ring-vaccination-results-12-april-2019.pdf (2019)."},{"key":"17446_CR6","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. First FDA-approved vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus disease, marking a critical milestone in public health preparedness and response. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/first-fda-approved-vaccine-prevention-ebola-virus-disease-marking-critical-milestone-public-health (2019)."},{"key":"17446_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad5224","volume":"351","author":"D Corti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Corti, D. et al. Protective monotherapy against lethal Ebola virus infection by a potently neutralizing antibody. Science 351, 1339\u20131342 (2016).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"17446_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l5371","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l5371","volume":"366","author":"DR Lucey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lucey, D. R. New treatments for Ebola virus disease. BMJ 366, l5371 (2019).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"17446_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S612","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy285","volume":"218","author":"KE Pascal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pascal, K. E. et al. Development of clinical-stage human monoclonal antibodies that treat advanced Ebola virus disease in nonhuman primates. J. Infect. Dis. 218, S612\u2013S626 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"17446_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329ra333","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad9875","volume":"8","author":"X Qiu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qiu, X. et al. Two-mAb cocktail protects macaques against the Makona variant of Ebola virus. Sci. Transl. Med. 8, 329ra333 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"17446_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13777","volume":"514","author":"X Qiu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qiu, X. et al. Reversion of advanced Ebola virus disease in nonhuman primates with ZMapp. Nature 514, 47\u201353 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"17446_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1258","volume":"11","author":"SM Jones","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jones, S. M. et al. Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses. Nat. Med. 11, 786\u2013790 (2005).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"17446_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000225","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000225","volume":"4","author":"TW Geisbert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Geisbert, T. 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Rabies vaccines and immunoglobulins: WHO position April 2018. https:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/policy\/position_papers\/pp_rabies_summary_2018.pdf?ua=1 (2018)."},{"key":"17446_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35964-6","volume":"8","author":"P Cao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cao, P., Bai, H., Wang, X. & Che, J. Role of the Ebola membrane in the protection conferred by the three-mAb cocktail MIL77. Sci. Rep. 8, 17628 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"17446_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14428","author":"CE Mire","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mire, C. E. et al. Single-dose attenuated Vesiculovax vaccines protect primates against Ebola Makona virus. Nature https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature14428 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"17446_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14442","volume":"521","author":"EP Thi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thi, E. P. et al. Lipid nanoparticle siRNA treatment of Ebola-virus-Makona-infected nonhuman primates. Nature 521, 362\u2013365 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-17446-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-17446-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-17446-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T19:40:24Z","timestamp":1670269224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-17446-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["17446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-17446-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-19576\/v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.04.01.018275","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Z.A.B. and L.Z. are employees of Mapp Biopharmaceutical. H.F. and T.W.G. are listed on patents related to Ebola vaccines. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3736"}}