{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:08:55Z","timestamp":1790633335566,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598400000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006919","name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006919","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"VoLo Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007235","name":"Colorado State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007235","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000838","name":"University of Sussex","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000838","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18052-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T10:13:57Z","timestamp":1598436837000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Unfinished business after five decades of ozone-layer science and policy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2020-7581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Solomon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Alcamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9059-8437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. R.","family":"Ravishankara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"18052_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crte.2018.09.002","volume":"350","author":"T Birmpili","year":"2018","unstructured":"Birmpili, T. Montreal Protocol at 30: the governance structure, the evolution, and the Kigali Amendment. Comptes Rendus Geosci. 350, 425\u2013431 (2018).","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Geosci."},{"key":"18052_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4814","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610328104","volume":"104","author":"G Velders","year":"2007","unstructured":"Velders, G., Anderson, S. O., Daniel, J. S., Fahey, D. W. & McFarland, M. The importance of the Montreal Protocol in protecting climate. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 4814\u20134819 (2007).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"18052_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1017\/ilm.2016.2","volume":"56","author":"E Heath","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heath, E. Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer (Kigali Amendment). Int. Leg. Mater. 56, 193\u2013205 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. Leg. Mater."},{"key":"18052_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0106-2","volume":"557","author":"SA Montzka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Montzka, S. A. et al. An unexpected and persistent increase in global emissions of ozone-depleting CFC-11. Nature 557, 413 (2018).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"18052_CR5","unstructured":"UNEP. Decision XXX\/3 TEAP Task Force Report on Unexpected Emissions of Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) - Final Report (Volume 1). http:\/\/38.108.69.235\/meeting\/oewg\/oewg-41\/presession\/Background-Documents\/TEAP_Task_Force_Dec_XXX-3_on_Unexpected_CFC-11_Emissions_May_2019.pdf"},{"key":"18052_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13717-x","volume":"10","author":"SS Dhomse","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dhomse, S. S. et al. Delay in recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole from unexpected CFC-11 emissions. Nat. Commun. 10, 1\u201312 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"18052_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019JD031849","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JD031849","volume":"125","author":"EL Fleming","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fleming, E. L., Newman, P. A., Liang, Q. & Daniel, J. S. The impact of continuing CFC\u201011 emissions on stratospheric ozone. J. Geophys. Res., 125, e2019JD031849 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.,"},{"key":"18052_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15162-7","volume":"11","author":"M Lickley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lickley, M. et al. Quantifying contributions of chlorofluorocarbon banks to emissions and impacts on the ozone layer and climate. Nat. Commun. 11, 1\u201311 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"18052_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-979-2018","volume":"18","author":"MK Vollmer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vollmer, M. K. et al. Atmospheric histories and emissions of chlorofluorocarbons CFC-13 (CClF3), \u03a3CFC-114 (C2Cl2F4), and CFC-115 (C2ClF5). Atmos. Chem. Phys. 18, 979\u20131002 (2018).","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"18052_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4737","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-4737-2018","volume":"18","author":"KE Adcock","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adcock, K. E. et al. Continued increase of CFC-113a (CCl3CF3) mixing ratios in the global atmosphere: emissions, occurrence and potential sources. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 18, 4737\u20134751 (2018).","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"18052_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2109","volume":"7","author":"JC Laube","year":"2014","unstructured":"Laube, J. C. et al. Newly detected ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere. Nat. Geosci. 7, 266\u2013269 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"18052_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13993-7","volume":"11","author":"KM Stanley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stanley, K. M. et al. Increase in global emissions of HFC-23 despite near-total expected reductions. Nat. Commun. 11, 1\u20136 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"18052_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liang, Q., Newman, P. A. & Reimann, S. SPARC Report on the Mystery of Carbon Tetrachloride, SPARC Report No. 7, WCRP-13\/2016, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3929\/ethz-a-010690647 (2016).","DOI":"10.3929\/ethz-a-010690647"},{"key":"18052_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"024004","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa9c87","volume":"13","author":"D Sherry","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sherry, D., McCulloch, A., Liang, Q., Reimann, S. & Newman, P. A. Current sources of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in our atmosphere. Env. Res. Lett. 13, 024004 (2018).","journal-title":"Env. Res. Lett."},{"key":"18052_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176985","volume":"326","author":"AR Ravishankara","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ravishankara, A. R., Daniel, J. S. & Portmann, R. W. Nitrous oxide (N2O): the dominant ozone-depleting substance emitted in the 21st century. Science 326, 123\u2013125 (2009).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"18052_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-019-0613-7","volume":"9","author":"RL Thompson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thompson, R. L. et al. Acceleration of global N2O emissions seen from two decades of atmospheric inversion. Nat. Clim. Chang 9, 993\u2013998 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang"},{"key":"18052_CR17","unstructured":"UNEP 2013. Drawing down N2O to protect climate and the ozone layer. A UNEP Synthesis Report (United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya)."},{"key":"18052_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.eg.17.110192.000245","volume":"17","author":"JH Ausubel","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ausubel, J. H. & Victor, D. G. Verification of international environmental agreements. Ann. Rev. Energy Env. 17, 1\u201343 (1992).","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Energy Env."},{"key":"18052_CR19","unstructured":"Masson-Delmotte, V., et al. Global warming of 1.5 C. An IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming (IPCC, 2018)."},{"key":"18052_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-00571-x","volume":"579","author":"N H\u00f6hne","year":"2020","unstructured":"H\u00f6hne, N. et al. Emissions: world has four times the work or one-third of the time. Nature 579, 25\u201328 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"18052_CR21","unstructured":"WMO (World Meteorological Organization), Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project\u2013Report No. 58, p. 588 (World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2018)."}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-18052-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-18052-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-18052-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:34:07Z","timestamp":1670286847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-18052-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["18052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-18052-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4272"}}