{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T22:08:00Z","timestamp":1788559680876,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU H2020"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in women, however, the genetic component underlying this phenomenon is not established. We assess sex-dimorphic (73,089\/50,404 women and 67,506\/47,806 men) and sex-combined (151,188\/105,056 individuals) fasting glucose\/fasting insulin genetic effects via genome-wide association study meta-analyses in individuals of European descent without diabetes. Here we report sex dimorphism in allelic effects on fasting insulin at\n                    <jats:italic>IRS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ZNF12<\/jats:italic>\n                    loci, the latter showing higher RNA expression in whole blood in women compared to men. We also observe sex-homogeneous effects on fasting glucose at seven novel loci. Fasting insulin in women shows stronger genetic correlations than in men with waist-to-hip ratio and anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, waist-to-hip ratio is causally related to insulin resistance in women, but not in men. These results position dissection of metabolic and glycemic health sex dimorphism as a steppingstone for understanding differences in genetic effects between women and men in related phenotypes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19366-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T06:07:08Z","timestamp":1609826828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Lagou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reedik","family":"M\u00e4gi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5668-2368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jouke- Jan","family":"Hottenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Grallert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R. B.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5424-2134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabila","family":"Bouatia-Naji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Marullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Rybin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3333-6737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rick","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4456-9824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josine L.","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antigone S.","family":"Dimas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liudmila","family":"Zudina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper R.","family":"G\u00e5din","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longda","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3799-9722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Faggian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9976-3005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Bonnefond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joao","family":"Fadista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria G.","family":"Stathopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5037-4834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Isaacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6803-3007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara M.","family":"Willems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5576-8584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pau","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9672-2547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne U.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"May E.","family":"Montasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff R.","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3443-8030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence F.","family":"Bielak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2233-1065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richa","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanette M.","family":"Stafford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate St","family":"Pourcain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Timpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perttu","family":"Salo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Youn","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najaf","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1942-5845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert V.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4303-7685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niek","family":"Verweij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2307-4021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuj","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6663-7520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul C. D.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toby","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Kapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudmar","family":"Thorleifsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8506-3585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rona J.","family":"Strawbridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Rasmussen-Torvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00f5nu","family":"Esko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelin","family":"Mihailov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2071-5866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tove","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0488-2592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ross M.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anubha","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1691-9615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavroula","family":"Kanoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3423-2021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vilmantas","family":"Giedraitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0663-7275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus E.","family":"Kleber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnther","family":"Silbernagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3793-5910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"M\u00fcller-Nurasyid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ganna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti-Pekka","family":"Sarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loic","family":"Yengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Shungin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3137-6337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian\u2019an","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momoko","family":"Horikoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3768-1749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Sanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Boettcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. William","family":"Rayner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5047-4077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilja M.","family":"Nolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8120-2891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatijana","family":"Zemunik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik van","family":"Iperen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0290-5423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas D.","family":"Hastie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7824-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah H.","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0480-6143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stela","family":"McLachlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozren","family":"Polasek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8945-0053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josephine","family":"Egan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wieland","family":"Kiess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonneke","family":"Willemsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Kuusisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markku","family":"Laakso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Dimitriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6320-0411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Rauramaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Bandinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8416-6440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Thorand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongmei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iva","family":"Miljkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Doney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Perola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8365-0081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aroon","family":"Hingorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4699-5627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Kivimaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meena","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Groves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Herder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7870-070X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heikki A.","family":"Koistinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Kinnunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf de","family":"Faire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3356-6791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan J. L.","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Uusitupa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6415-6560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin N. A.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3246-8359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Wouter","family":"Jukema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1604-2593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveed","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneli","family":"Pouta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1949-2298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harold","family":"Snieder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Boerwinkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Pankow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7315-7899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrik K.","family":"Magnusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrika","family":"Krus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Scapoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eco J. C. N.","family":"de Geus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0208-2065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Bl\u00fcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9262-6921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce H. R.","family":"Wolffenbuttel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Province","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1509-1825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goncalo R.","family":"Abecasis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2439-2657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James B.","family":"Meigs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Kees","family":"Hovingh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaana","family":"Lindstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5751-9178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James F.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan F.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George V.","family":"Dedoussis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan R.","family":"Bornstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6317-7880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter E. H.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"T\u00f6njes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard R.","family":"Winkelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2706-7710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard O.","family":"Boehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winfried","family":"M\u00e4rz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3718-796X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres","family":"Metspalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackie F.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9251-070X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panos","family":"Deloukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6001-0356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antje","family":"K\u00f6rner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo A.","family":"Lakka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirkka M.","family":"Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo E.","family":"Saaristo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard N.","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Tuomilehto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1422-2993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Wareham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5017-7344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Langenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8668-3046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satu","family":"M\u00e4nnist\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0520-7604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul W.","family":"Franks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9405-9550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Hayward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4991-3797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronique","family":"Vitart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3716-2455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaakko","family":"Kaprio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8104-8425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Visvikis-Siest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverley","family":"Balkau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7250-4107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Altshuler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6993-6884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Rudan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Stumvoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2374-9204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornelia M.","family":"van Duijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Gieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Illig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Ferrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy L.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9831-8302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter P.","family":"Pramstaller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6442-7754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Boehnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8362-2603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy M.","family":"Frayling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan R.","family":"Shuldiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9717-8459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Peyser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon L. R.","family":"Kardia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyle J.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda W.","family":"Penninx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Meneton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara B.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerjan","family":"Navis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2713-686X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pim van der","family":"Harst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1407-8314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George Davey","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5041-248X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nita G.","family":"Forouhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8532-5087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth J. F.","family":"Loos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7563-5324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veikko","family":"Salomaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1095-3852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Soranzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7099-7972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorret I.","family":"Boomsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0187-3263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leif","family":"Groop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8306-6202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiinamaija","family":"Tuomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Hofman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4176-2947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia B.","family":"Munroe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5696-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vilmundur","family":"Gudnason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Siscovick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0075-6417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecile","family":"Lecoeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Vollenweider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Franco-Cereceda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2149-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjo-Riitta","family":"Jarvelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1676-864X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kari","family":"Stefansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Hamsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Karpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9302-6490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanouil T.","family":"Dermitzakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4903-9374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia M.","family":"Lindgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark I.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2972-0784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Froguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9228-0462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marika A.","family":"Kaakinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeriya","family":"Lyssenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1015-0531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard M.","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2256-6972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Ingelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose C.","family":"Florez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2871-3603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9e","family":"Dupuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5800-4520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Prokopenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (MAGIC)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"19366_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1673-4","volume":"53","author":"K Faerch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Faerch, K., Borch-Johnsen, K., Vaag, A., Jorgensen, T. & Witte, D. R. Sex differences in glucose levels: a consequence of physiology or methodological convenience? The Inter99 study. Diabetologia 53, 858\u2013865 (2010).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"19366_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2390","volume":"31","author":"L Perreault","year":"2008","unstructured":"Perreault, L. et al. Sex differences in diabetes risk and the effect of intensive lifestyle modification in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Care 31, 1416\u20131421 (2008).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"19366_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02578.x","volume":"25","author":"W Rathmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rathmann, W., Strassburger, K., Giani, G., Doring, A. & Meisinger, C. Differences in height explain gender differences in the response to the oral glucose tolerance test. Diabet. Med. 25, 1374\u20131375 (2008).","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"19366_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-05040-3","volume":"63","author":"B Tramunt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tramunt, B. et al. Sex differences in metabolic regulation and diabetes susceptibility. Diabetologia 63, 453\u2013461 (2020).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"19366_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1137","volume":"37","author":"A Kautzky-Willer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kautzky-Willer, A., Harreiter, J. & Pacini, G. Sex and gender differences in risk, pathophysiology and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr. Rev. 37, 278\u2013316 (2016).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"19366_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-014-0551-8","volume":"14","author":"L Marullo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marullo, L., El-Sayed Moustafa, J. S. & Prokopenko, I. Insights into the genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes from genome-wide association studies of glycaemic traits. Curr. Diabetes Rep. 14, 551 (2014).","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rep."},{"key":"19366_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005230","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005230","volume":"11","author":"M Horikoshi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Horikoshi, M. et al. Discovery and fine-mapping of glycaemic and obesity-related trait loci using high-density imputation. PLoS Genet. 11, e1005230 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003500","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003500","volume":"9","author":"JC Randall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Randall, J. C. et al. Sex-stratified genome-wide association studies including 270,000 individuals show sexual dimorphism in genetic loci for anthropometric traits. PLoS Genet. 9, e1003500 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.685","volume":"42","author":"IM Heid","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heid, I. M. et al. Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution. Nat. Genet. 42, 949\u2013960 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.866","volume":"43","author":"TO Kilpelainen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kilpelainen, T. O. et al. Genetic variation near IRS1 associates with reduced adiposity and an impaired metabolic profile. Nat. Genet. 43, 753\u2013760 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14132","volume":"518","author":"D Shungin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shungin, D. et al. New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution. Nature 518, 187\u2013196 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"19366_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2383","volume":"44","author":"AP Morris","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morris, A. P. et al. Large-scale association analysis provides insights into the genetic architecture and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Nat. Genet. 44, 981\u2013990 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012111122","volume":"24","author":"N Sandholm","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sandholm, N. et al. Chromosome 2q31.1 associates with ESRD in women with type 1 diabetes. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 24, 1537\u20131543 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"19366_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.20540","volume":"34","author":"R Magi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Magi, R., Lindgren, C. M. & Morris, A. P. Meta-analysis of sex-specific genome-wide association studies. Genet Epidemiol. 34, 846\u2013853 (2010).","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol."},{"key":"19366_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-288","volume":"11","author":"R Magi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Magi, R. & Morris, A. P. GWAMA: software for genome-wide association meta-analysis. BMC Bioinforma. 11, 288 (2010).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinforma."},{"key":"19366_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04226","volume":"437","author":"C International HapMap","year":"2005","unstructured":"International HapMap, C. A haplotype map of the human genome. Nature 437, 1299\u20131320 (2005).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"19366_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002793","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002793","volume":"8","author":"BF Voight","year":"2012","unstructured":"Voight, B. F. et al. The metabochip, a custom genotyping array for genetic studies of metabolic, cardiovascular, and anthropometric traits. PLoS Genet. 8, e1002793 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007371","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007371","volume":"14","author":"S Rueger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rueger, S., McDaid, A. & Kutalik, Z. Evaluation and application of summary statistic imputation to discover new height-associated loci. PLoS Genet. 14, e1007371 (2018).","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09270","volume":"466","author":"TM Teslovich","year":"2010","unstructured":"Teslovich, T. M. et al. Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids. Nature. 466, 707\u2013713 (2010).","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"19366_CR20","first-page":"2888","volume":"66","author":"RA Scott","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scott, R. A. et al. An expanded genome-wide association study of type 2. Diabetes Eur. Diabetes 66, 2888\u20132902 (2017).","journal-title":"Diabetes Eur. Diabetes"},{"key":"19366_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2274","volume":"44","author":"AK Manning","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manning, A. K. et al. A genome-wide approach accounting for body mass index identifies genetic variants influencing fasting glycemic traits and insulin resistance. Nat. Genet. 44, 659 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2385","volume":"44","author":"RA Scott","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scott, R. A. et al. Large-scale association analyses identify new loci influencing glycemic traits and provide insight into the underlying biological pathways. Nat. Genet. 44, 991\u20131005 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy327","volume":"28","author":"SL Pulit","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pulit, S. L. et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for body fat distribution in 694 649 individuals of European ancestry. Hum. Mol. Genet. 28, 166\u2013174 (2019).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2897","volume":"46","author":"DIG Replication","year":"2014","unstructured":"Replication, D. I. G. et al. Genome-wide trans-ancestry meta-analysis provides insight into the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes susceptibility. Nat. Genet. 46, 234\u2013244 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.609","volume":"42","author":"BF Voight","year":"2010","unstructured":"Voight, B. F. et al. Twelve type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci identified through large-scale association analysis. Nat. Genet. 42, 579\u2013589 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7372","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00580-06","volume":"26","author":"TT Yang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yang, T. T. et al. Role of transcription factor NFAT in glucose and insulin homeostasis. Mol. Cell Biol. 26, 7372\u20137387 (2006).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"19366_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3215","volume":"12","author":"M Pollak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pollak, M. The insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptor family in neoplasia: an update. Nat. Rev. Cancer 12, 159\u2013169 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"19366_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-017-0017-y","volume":"1","author":"RC Ekyalongo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ekyalongo, R. C. & Yee, D. Revisiting the IGF-1R as a breast cancer target. npj Precis. Oncol. 1, 14 (2017).","journal-title":"npj Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"19366_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13595","volume":"511","author":"Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics, C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics, C. Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci. Nature 511, 421\u2013427 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"19366_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2797","volume":"45","author":"CJ Willer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Willer, C. J. et al. Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels. Nat. Genet. 45, 1274\u20131283 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10251","volume":"476","author":"International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics, C. et al.","year":"2011","unstructured":"International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics, C. et al. Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis. Nature 476, 214\u2013219 (2011).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"19366_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11582","volume":"491","author":"L Jostins","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jostins, L. et al. Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 491, 119\u2013124 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"19366_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2213","volume":"44","author":"J Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang, J. et al. Conditional and joint multiple-SNP analysis of GWAS summary statistics identifies additional variants influencing complex traits. Nat. Genet. 44, S1\u2013S3 (2012). 369-75.","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.11.011","volume":"88","author":"J Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang, J., Lee, S. H., Goddard, M. E. & Visscher, P. M. GCTA: a tool for genome-wide complex trait analysis. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 88, 76\u201382 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0988","volume":"64","author":"T Fall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fall, T. et al. Age- and sex-specific causal effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors. Diabetes 64, 1841\u20131852 (2015).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"19366_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.57","volume":"21","author":"R Jansen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jansen, R. et al. Gene expression in major depressive disorder. Mol. Psychiatry 21, 339\u2013347 (2016).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"19366_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002505","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002505","volume":"8","author":"JL Min","year":"2012","unstructured":"Min, J. L. et al. Coexpression network analysis in abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue reveals regulatory genetic loci for metabolic syndrome and related phenotypes. PLoS Genet. 8, e1002505 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.134981.111","volume":"22","author":"AS Dimas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dimas, A. S. et al. Sex-biased genetic effects on gene regulation in humans. Genome Res. 22, 2368\u20132375 (2012).","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"19366_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.112.963660","volume":"5","author":"K Gertow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gertow, K. et al. Identification of the BCAR1-CFDP1-TMEM170A locus as a determinant of carotid intima-media thickness and coronary artery disease risk. Circ. Cardiovasc Genet. 5, 656\u2013665 (2012).","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13924","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1402665111","volume":"111","author":"J Fadista","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fadista, J. et al. Global genomic and transcriptomic analysis of human pancreatic islets reveals novel genes influencing glucose metabolism. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 13924\u201313929 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"19366_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002003","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002003","volume":"7","author":"AC Nica","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nica, A. C. et al. The architecture of gene regulatory variation across multiple human tissues: the MuTHER study. PLoS Genet. 7, e1002003 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2653","volume":"45","author":"GT Consortium","year":"2013","unstructured":"Consortium, G. T. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Nat. Genet. 45, 580\u2013585 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D743","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1026","volume":"43","author":"M Shimoyama","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shimoyama, M. et al. The Rat Genome Database 2015: genomic, phenotypic and environmental variations and disease. Nucleic Acids Res. 43, D743\u2013D750 (2015).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"19366_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1224344","volume":"338","author":"M Meyer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meyer, M. et al. A high-coverage genome sequence from an archaic Denisovan individual. Science 338, 222\u2013226 (2012).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"19366_CR45","first-page":"97","volume":"506","author":"The, S.T.D.C.","year":"2013","unstructured":"The, S.T.D.C. Sequence variants in SLC16A11 are a common risk factor for type 2 diabetes in Mexico. Nature 506, 97 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"19366_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-1-201307020-00003","volume":"159","author":"AB Goldfine","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goldfine, A. B. et al. Salicylate (salsalate) in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Ann. Intern Med. 159, 1\u201312 (2013).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern Med."},{"key":"19366_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2304","volume":"96","author":"MP Warren","year":"2011","unstructured":"Warren, M. P. Endocrine manifestations of eating disorders. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96, 333\u2013343 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"19366_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.6.1549","volume":"53","author":"A Festa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Festa, A. et al. Differences in insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects with isolated impaired glucose tolerance or isolated impaired fasting glucose. Diabetes 53, 1549\u20131555 (2004).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"19366_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.051979","volume":"51","author":"P D\u2019Orazio","year":"2005","unstructured":"D\u2019Orazio, P. et al. Approved IFCC recommendation on reporting results for blood glucose (abbreviated). Clin. Chem. 51, 1573\u20131576 (2005).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"19366_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.520","volume":"42","author":"J Dupuis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dupuis, J. et al. New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk. Nat. Genet. 42, 105\u2013116 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.290","volume":"41","author":"I Prokopenko","year":"2009","unstructured":"Prokopenko, I. et al. Variants in MTNR1B influence fasting glucose levels. Nat. Genet. 41, 77\u201381 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genom.9.081307.164242","volume":"10","author":"Y Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li, Y., Willer, C., Sanna, S. & Abecasis, G. Genotype imputation. Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet. 10, 387\u2013406 (2009).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.20533","volume":"34","author":"Y Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li, Y., Willer, C. J., Ding, J., Scheet, P. & Abecasis, G. R. MaCH: using sequence and genotype data to estimate haplotypes and unobserved genotypes. Genet. Epidemiol. 34, 816\u2013834 (2010).","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol."},{"key":"19366_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000529","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000529","volume":"5","author":"BN Howie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Howie, B. N., Donnelly, P. & Marchini, J. A flexible and accurate genotype imputation method for the next generation of genome-wide association studies. PLoS Genet. 5, e1000529 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2088","volume":"39","author":"J Marchini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marchini, J., Howie, B., Myers, S., McVean, G. & Donnelly, P. A new multipoint method for genome-wide association studies by imputation of genotypes. Nat. Genet. 39, 906\u2013913 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.01.005","volume":"84","author":"BL Browning","year":"2009","unstructured":"Browning, B. L. & Browning, S. R. A unified approach to genotype imputation and haplotype-phase inference for large data sets of trios and unrelated individuals. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 84, 210\u2013223 (2009).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393","volume":"526","author":"C Genomes Project","year":"2015","unstructured":"Genomes Project, C. et al. A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature 526, 68\u201374 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"19366_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00fceger, S., McDaid, A. & Kutalik, Z. Improved imputation of summary statistics for admixed populations. https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/203927v3 (2018).","DOI":"10.1101\/203927"},{"key":"19366_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.1999.00997.x","volume":"55","author":"B Devlin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Devlin, B. & Roeder, K. Genomic control for association studies. Biometrics 55, 997\u20131004 (1999).","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"19366_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw613","volume":"33","author":"J Zheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zheng, J. et al. LD Hub: a centralized database and web interface to perform LD score regression that maximizes the potential of summary level GWAS data for SNP heritability and genetic correlation analysis. Bioinformatics 33, 272\u2013279 (2017).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"19366_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3406","volume":"47","author":"B Bulik-Sullivan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bulik-Sullivan, B. et al. An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits. Nat. Genet. 47, 1236\u20131241 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.118216","volume":"103","author":"PC Haycock","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haycock, P. C. et al. Best (but oft-forgotten) practices: the design, analysis, and interpretation of Mendelian randomization studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 103, 965\u2013978 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"19366_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt084","volume":"178","author":"BL Pierce","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pierce, B. L. & Burgess, S. Efficient design for Mendelian randomization studies: subsample and 2-sample instrumental variable estimators. Am. J. Epidemiol. 178, 1177\u20131184 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"19366_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15555.1","volume":"4","author":"S Burgess","year":"2019","unstructured":"Burgess, S. et al. Guidelines for performing Mendelian randomization investigations. Wellcome Open Res. 4, 186 (2019).","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"19366_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0011-z","volume":"30","author":"S Burgess","year":"2015","unstructured":"Burgess, S. et al. Using published data in Mendelian randomization: a blueprint for efficient identification of causal risk factors. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 30, 543\u2013552 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"19366_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-017-0128-6","volume":"4","author":"J Zheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zheng, J. et al. Recent developments in mendelian randomization studies. Curr. Epidemiol. Rep. 4, 330\u2013345 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Epidemiol. Rep."},{"key":"19366_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","volume":"44","author":"J Bowden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bowden, J., Davey Smith, G. & Burgess, S. Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression. Int. J. Epidemiol. 44, 512\u2013525 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"19366_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540104900412","volume":"49","author":"B Lukowiak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lukowiak, B. et al. Identification and purification of functional human beta-cells by a new specific zinc-fluorescent probe. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 49, 519\u2013528 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"19366_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.06.006","volume":"16","author":"J Taneera","year":"2012","unstructured":"Taneera, J. et al. A systems genetics approach identifies genes and pathways for type 2 diabetes in human islets. Cell Metab. 16, 122\u2013134 (2012).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"19366_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp120","volume":"25","author":"C Trapnell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Trapnell, C., Pachter, L. & Salzberg, S. L. TopHat: discovering splice junctions with RNA-Seq. Bioinformatics 25, 1105\u20131111 (2009).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"19366_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2009-10-3-r25","volume":"10","author":"B Langmead","year":"2009","unstructured":"Langmead, B., Trapnell, C., Pop, M. & Salzberg, S. L. Ultrafast and memory-efficient alignment of short DNA sequences to the human genome. Genome Biol. 10, R25 (2009).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"19366_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.133744.111","volume":"22","author":"S Anders","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anders, S., Reyes, A. & Huber, W. Detecting differential usage of exons from RNA-seq data. Genome Res. 22, 2008\u20132017 (2012).","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"19366_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2010-11-3-r25","volume":"11","author":"MD Robinson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Robinson, M. D. & Oshlack, A. A scaling normalization method for differential expression analysis of RNA-seq data. Genome Biol. 11, R25 (2010).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"19366_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr355","volume":"27","author":"A Roberts","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roberts, A., Pimentel, H., Trapnell, C. & Pachter, L. Identification of novel transcripts in annotated genomes using RNA-Seq. Bioinformatics 27, 2325\u20132329 (2011).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"19366_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.135350.111","volume":"22","author":"J Harrow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harrow, J. et al. GENCODE: the reference human genome annotation for The ENCODE Project. Genome Res. 22, 1760\u20131774 (2012).","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"19366_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt006","volume":"41","author":"L Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. CPAT: Coding-Potential Assessment Tool using an alignment-free logistic regression model. Nucleic Acids Res. 41, e74 (2013).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"19366_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts163","volume":"28","author":"AA Shabalin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shabalin, A. A. Matrix eQTL: ultra fast eQTL analysis via large matrix operations. Bioinformatics 28, 1353\u20131358 (2012).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"19366_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1785","volume":"9","author":"O Delaneau","year":"2012","unstructured":"Delaneau, O., Marchini, J. & Zagury, J. F. A linear complexity phasing method for thousands of genomes. Nat. Methods 9, 179\u2013181 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"19366_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e175","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gni179","volume":"33","author":"M Dai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dai, M. et al. Evolving gene\/transcript definitions significantly alter the interpretation of GeneChip data. Nucleic Acids Res. 33, e175 (2005).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"19366_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/4.2.249","volume":"4","author":"RA Irizarry","year":"2003","unstructured":"Irizarry, R. A. et al. Exploration, normalization, and summaries of high density oligonucleotide array probe level data. Biostatistics 4, 249\u2013264 (2003).","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"19366_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3668","volume":"48","author":"V Iotchkova","year":"2016","unstructured":"Iotchkova, V. et al. Discovery and refinement of genetic loci associated with cardiometabolic risk using dense imputation maps. Nat. Genet. 48, 1303\u20131312 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"19366_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","volume":"21","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2002","unstructured":"Higgins, J. P. & Thompson, S. G. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat. Med. 21, 1539\u20131558 (2002).","journal-title":"Stat. Med."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21276-3","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612742400000}}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-19366-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-19366-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-19366-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T18:26:18Z","timestamp":1697480778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-19366-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["19366"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-19366-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2021","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-21276-3","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-21276-3","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A.R.S. is an employee of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. As of Januray 2020, A.Mahajan is an employee of Genentech, and a holder of Roche stock. E.I. is a scientific advisor for Precision Wellness, Cellink and Olink Proteomics for work unrelated to the present project. Gudmar Thorleifsson and Kari Stefansson are employed by deCODE 4 Genetics\/Amgen inc. I.B. and spouse own stock in GlaxoSmithKline and Incyte. J.C.F. has received consulting honoraria from Pfizer and PanGenX. L.G. has received research funding from Pfizer Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly and Astra Zeneca. The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. M.I.M. has served on advisory panels for Pfizer, NovoNordisk and Zoe Global, has received honoraria from Merck, Pfizer, Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly, and research funding from Abbvie, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, NovoNordisk, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, Servier, and Takeda. As of June 2019, M.I.M is an employee of Genentech, and a holder of Roche stock. V.S. has received honoraria for consultations from Sanofi and Novo Nordisk and travel support from Novo Nordisk. He also has ongoing research collaboration with Bayer Ltd. Other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"24"}}