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Here, we report that a coagulase-negative staphylococcus, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus chromogenes<\/jats:italic> ATCC43764, synthesizes and secretes 6-thioguanine (6-TG), a purine analog that suppresses <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> growth by inhibiting de novo purine biosynthesis. We identify a 6-TG biosynthetic gene cluster in <jats:italic>S. chromogenes<\/jats:italic> and other coagulase-negative staphylococci including <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. capitis<\/jats:italic>. Recombinant <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> strains harbouring this operon produce 6-TG and, when used in subcutaneous co-infections in mice with virulent <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> USA300, protect the host from necrotic lesion formation. Used prophylactically, 6-TG reduces necrotic skin lesions in mice infected with USA300, and this effect is mediated by abrogation of toxin production. RNAseq analyses reveal that 6-TG downregulates expression of genes coding for purine biosynthesis, the accessory gene regulator (agr) and ribosomal proteins in <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>, providing an explanation for its effect on toxin production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22175-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T11:06:58Z","timestamp":1616670418000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Coagulase-negative staphylococci release a purine analog that inhibits Staphylococcus aureus virulence"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Denny","family":"Chin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9796-6060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariya I.","family":"Goncheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3263-2227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald S.","family":"Flannagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1234-1123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shayna R.","family":"Deecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Guariglia-Oropeza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0824-3704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander W.","family":"Ensminger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7217-2456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David E.","family":"Heinrichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"22175_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808203390806","volume":"339","author":"FD Lowy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lowy, F. 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