{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T07:44:01Z","timestamp":1794037441016,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS-076206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS-076206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Primates use their arms in complex ways that frequently require coordination between the two arms. Yet the planning of bimanual movements has not been well-studied. We recorded spikes and local field potentials (LFP) from the parietal reach region (PRR) in both hemispheres simultaneously while monkeys planned and executed unimanual and bimanual reaches. From analyses of interhemispheric LFP-LFP and spike-LFP coherence, we found that task-specific information is shared across hemispheres in a frequency-specific manner. This shared information could arise from common input or from direct communication. The population average unit activity in PRR, representing PRR output, encodes only planned contralateral arm movements while beta-band LFP power, a putative PRR input, reflects the pattern of planned bimanual movement. A parsimonious interpretation of these data is that PRR integrates information about the movement of the left and right limbs, perhaps in service of bimanual coordination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22701-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T06:03:29Z","timestamp":1620108209000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Local field potentials in the parietal reach region reveal mechanisms of bimanual coordination"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5998-8445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Mooshagian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles D.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3776-0199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence H.","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"22701_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01460.x","volume":"9","author":"S Ferraina","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ferraina, S. et al. Visual control of hand-reaching movement: activity in parietal area 7m. Eur. J. Neurosci. 9, 1090\u20131095 (1997).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx052","volume":"28","author":"E Mooshagian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mooshagian, E., Wang, C., Holmes, C. D. & Snyder, L. H. Single units in the posterior parietal cortex encode patterns of bimanual coordination. Cereb. Cortex 28, 1549\u20131567 (2018).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"22701_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/26220","volume":"395","author":"O Donchin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Donchin, O., Gribova, A., Steinberg, O., Bergman, H. & Vaadia, E. Primary motor cortex is involved in bimanual coordination. Nature 395, 274\u2013278 (1998).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"22701_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3498","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00335.2001","volume":"88","author":"O Donchin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Donchin, O. et al. Single-unit activity related to bimanual arm movements in the primary and supplementary motor cortices. J. Neurophysiol. 88, 3498\u20133517 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"22701_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/08990220050117619","volume":"17","author":"IKYLEM Rouiller","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rouiller, I. K. Y. L. E. M. Do bimanual motor actions involve the dorsal premotor (PMd), cingulate (CMA) and posterior parietal (PPC) cortices? Comparison with primary and supplementary motor cortical areas. Somatosens. Mot. Res. 17, 255\u2013271 (2000).","journal-title":"Somatosens. Mot. Res."},{"key":"22701_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhj108","volume":"16","author":"J Diedrichsen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Diedrichsen, J., Grafton, S., Albert, N., Hazeltine, E. & Ivry, R. B. Goal-selection and movement-related conflict during bimanual reaching movements. Cereb. Cortex 16, 1729\u20131738 (2006).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"22701_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(00)00028-8","volume":"10","author":"L J\u00e4ncke","year":"2000","unstructured":"J\u00e4ncke, L., Shah, N. J. & Peters, M. Cortical activations in primary and secondary motor areas for complex bimanual movements in professional pianists. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 10, 177\u2013183 (2000).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res."},{"key":"22701_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(99)00062-7","volume":"38","author":"L J\u00e4ncke","year":"2000","unstructured":"J\u00e4ncke, L. et al. fMRI study of bimanual coordination. Neuropsychologia 38, 164\u2013174 (2000).","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"22701_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80429-8","volume":"20","author":"CL Colby","year":"1998","unstructured":"Colby, C. L. Action-oriented spatial reference frames in cortex. Neuron 20, 15\u201324 (1998).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"22701_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snyder, L. H., Batista, A. P. & Andersen, R. A. Coding of intention in the posterior parietal cortex. Nature 386, 167\u2013170 (1997).","DOI":"10.1038\/386167a0"},{"key":"22701_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9376","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1570-06.2006","volume":"26","author":"A Gail","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gail, A. & Andersen, R. A. Neural dynamics in monkey parietal reach region reflect context-specific sensorimotor transformations. J. Neurosci. 26, 9376\u20139384 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01410.x","volume":"9","author":"C Galletti","year":"1997","unstructured":"Galletti, C., Fattori, P., Kutz, D. F. & Battaglini, P. P. Arm movement-related neurons in the visual area V6A of the macaque superior parietal lobule. Eur. J. Neurosci. 9, 410\u2013413 (1997).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01618.x","volume":"13","author":"P Fattori","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fattori, P., Gamberini, M., Kutz, D. F. & Galletti, C. \u201cArm-reaching\u201d neurons in the parietal area V6A of the macaque monkey. Eur. J. Neurosci. 13, 2309\u20132313 (2001).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07885.x","volume":"34","author":"G Galati","year":"2011","unstructured":"Galati, G. et al. Intentional signals during saccadic and reaching delays in the human posterior parietal cortex. Eur. J. Neurosci. 34, 1871\u20131885 (2011).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-012-3158-9","volume":"221","author":"M Vesia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vesia, M. & Crawford, J. D. Specialization of reach function in human posterior parietal cortex. Exp. Brain Res. 221, 1\u201318 (2012).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"22701_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.10.039","volume":"185","author":"AM Fitzpatrick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick, A. M., Dundon, N. M. & Valyear, K. F. The neural basis of hand choice: an fMRI investigation of the posterior parietal interhemispheric competition model. NeuroImage 185, 208\u2013221 (2019).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"22701_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1587-1","volume":"153","author":"JD Connolly","year":"2003","unstructured":"Connolly, J. D., Andersen, R. A. & Goodale, M. A. FMRI evidence for a \u201cparietal reach region\u201d in the human brain. Exp. Brain Res. 153, 140\u2013145 (2003).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"22701_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00058.2013","volume":"111","author":"EA Yttri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yttri, E. A., Wang, C., Liu, Y. & Snyder, L. H. The parietal reach region is limb specific and not involved in eye-hand coordination. J. Neurophysiol. 111, 520\u2013532 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"22701_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6128","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1442-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"SWC Chang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chang, S. W. C., Dickinson, A. R. & Snyder, L. H. Limb-specific representation for reaching in the posterior parietal cortex. J. Neurosci. 28, 6128\u20136140 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00234.2014","volume":"112","author":"E Mooshagian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mooshagian, E., Wang, C., Ferdoash, A. & Snyder, L. H. Movement order and saccade direction affect a common measure of eye-hand coordination in bimanual reaching. J. Neurophysiol. 112, 730\u2013739 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"22701_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7334","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1588-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"S Ray","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ray, S., Hsiao, S. S., Crone, N. E., Franaszczuk, P. J. & Niebur, E. Effect of stimulus intensity on the spike-local field potential relationship in the secondary somatosensory cortex. J. Neurosci. 28, 7334\u20137343 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(69)90309-6","volume":"15","author":"DN Pandya","year":"1969","unstructured":"Pandya, D. N. & Vignolo, L. A. Interhemispheric projections of the parietal lobe in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res. 15, 49\u201365 (1969).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"22701_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00845.2006","volume":"97","author":"GT Einevoll","year":"2007","unstructured":"Einevoll, G. T. et al. Laminar population analysis: estimating firing rates and evoked synaptic activity from multielectrode recordings in rat barrel cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 97, 2174\u20132190 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"22701_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s10827-007-0056-4","volume":"24","author":"KH Pettersen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pettersen, K. H., Hagen, E. & Einevoll, G. T. Estimation of population firing rates and current source densities from laminar electrode recordings. J. Comput. Neurosci. 24, 291\u2013313 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1985.65.1.37","volume":"65","author":"U Mitzdorf","year":"1985","unstructured":"Mitzdorf, U. Current source-density method and application in cat cerebral cortex: investigation of evoked potentials and EEG phenomena. Physiol. Rev. 65, 37\u2013100 (1985).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"22701_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3109\/00207458708985928","volume":"33","author":"U Mitzdorf","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mitzdorf, U. Properties of the evoked potential generators: current source-density analysis of visually evoked potentials in the cat cortex. Int. J. Neurosci. 33, 33\u201359 (1987).","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13702","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2844-09.2009","volume":"29","author":"FA Khawaja","year":"2009","unstructured":"Khawaja, F. A., Tsui, J. M. G. & Pack, C. C. Pattern motion selectivity of spiking outputs and local field potentials in macaque visual cortex. J. Neurosci. 29, 13702\u201313709 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3241","volume":"13","author":"G Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buzs\u00e1ki, G., Anastassiou, C. A. & Koch, C. The origin of extracellular fields and currents\u2013EEG, ECoG, LFP and spikes. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 13, 407\u2013420 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.04.043","volume":"115","author":"E Ofori","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ofori, E., Coombes, S. A. & Vaillancourt, D. E. 3D Cortical electrophysiology of ballistic upper limb movement in humans. NeuroImage 115, 30\u201341 (2015).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"22701_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.225bo.x","volume":"501","author":"SN Baker","year":"1997","unstructured":"Baker, S. N., Olivier, E. & Lemon, R. N. Coherent oscillations in monkey motor cortex and hand muscle EMG show task-dependent modulation. J. Physiol. 501, 225\u2013241 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"22701_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.06.020","volume":"63","author":"TJ Buschman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Buschman, T. J. & Miller, E. K. Serial, covert shifts of attention during visual search are reflected by the frontal eye fields and correlated with population oscillations. Neuron 63, 386\u2013396 (2009).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"22701_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.02.015","volume":"20","author":"AK Engel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Engel, A. K. & Fries, P. Beta-band oscillations\u2013signalling the status quo? Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 20, 156\u2013165 (2010).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"22701_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10961","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1956-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"RL Spinks","year":"2008","unstructured":"Spinks, R. L., Kraskov, A., Brochier, T., Umilta, M. A. & Lemon, R. N. Selectivity for grasp in local field potential and single neuron activity recorded simultaneously from M1 and F5 in the awake macaque monkey. J. Neurosci. 28, 10961\u201310971 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1802","volume":"9","author":"D Rubino","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rubino, D., Robbins, K. A. & Hatsopoulos, N. G. Propagating waves mediate information transfer in the motor cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 9, 1549\u20131557 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4470","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.10.4470","volume":"90","author":"JN Sanes","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sanes, J. N. & Donoghue, J. P. Oscillations in local field potentials of the primate motor cortex during voluntary movement. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 4470\u20134474 (1993).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"22701_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2006.875549","volume":"14","author":"DA Heldman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Heldman, D. A., Wang, W., Chan, S. S. & Moran, D. W. Local field potential spectral tuning in motor cortex during reaching. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. IEEE Trans. 14, 180\u2013183 (2006).","journal-title":"Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. IEEE Trans."},{"key":"22701_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00106.2006","volume":"96","author":"JG O\u2019Leary","year":"2006","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary, J. G. & Hatsopoulos, N. G. Early visuomotor representations revealed from evoked local field potentials in motor and premotor cortical areas. J. Neurophysiol. 96, 1492\u20131506 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"22701_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.03.004","volume":"46","author":"H Scherberger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Scherberger, H., Jarvis, M. R. & Andersen, R. A. Cortical local field potential encodes movement intentions in the posterior parietal cortex. Neuron 46, 347\u2013354 (2005).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"22701_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3442","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv163","volume":"26","author":"R Hosaka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hosaka, R., Nakajima, T., Aihara, K., Yamaguchi, Y. & Mushiake, H. The suppression of beta oscillations in the primate supplementary motor complex reflects a volatile state during the updating of action sequences. Cereb. Cortex 26, 3442\u20133452 (2016).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"22701_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00318","volume":"25","author":"KM Hawkins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hawkins, K. M., Sayegh, P., Yan, X., Crawford, J. D. & Sergio, L. E. Neural activity in superior parietal cortex during rule-based visual-motor transformations. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 25, 436\u2013454 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sayegh, P. F. et al. Decoupling the actions of the eyes from the hand alters beta and gamma synchrony within SPL. J. Neurophysiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00793.2013 (2014).","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00793.2013"},{"key":"22701_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00802.2010","volume":"105","author":"EJ Hwang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hwang, E. J. & Andersen, R. A. Effects of visual stimulation on LFPs, spikes, and LFP-spike relations in PRR. J. Neurophysiol. 105, 1850\u20131860 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"22701_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.12.035","volume":"73","author":"HL Dean","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dean, H. L., Hagan, M. A. & Pesaran, B. Only coherent spiking in posterior parietal cortex coordinates looking and reaching. Neuron 73, 829\u2013841 (2012).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"22701_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1978.41.1.216","volume":"41","author":"DR Humphrey","year":"1978","unstructured":"Humphrey, D. R. & Corrie, W. S. Properties of pyramidal tract neuron system within a functionally defined subregion of primate motor cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 41, 216\u2013243 (1978).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"22701_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4998-08.2009","volume":"29","author":"P Fattori","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fattori, P. et al. Hand orientation during reach-to-grasp movements modulates neuronal activity in the medial posterior parietal area V6A. J. Neurosci. 29, 1928\u20131936 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.4.1867","volume":"97","author":"N Kopell","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kopell, N., Ermentrout, G. B., Whittington, M. A. & Traub, R. D. Gamma rhythms and beta rhythms have different synchronization properties. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 1867\u20131872 (2000).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"22701_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(70)90065-8","volume":"29","author":"AL Towe","year":"1970","unstructured":"Towe, A. L. & Harding, G. W. Extracellular microelectrode sampling bias. Exp. Neurol. 29, 366\u2013381 (1970).","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"22701_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00235551","volume":"49","author":"B Seltzer","year":"1983","unstructured":"Seltzer, B. & Pandya, D. N. The distribution of posterior parietal fibers in the corpus callosum of the rhesus monkey. Exp. Brain Res. 49, 147\u2013150 (1983).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"22701_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01801.x","volume":"14","author":"SCD Oliveira","year":"2001","unstructured":"Oliveira, S. C. D., Gribova, A., Donchin, O., Bergman, H. & Vaadia, E. Neural interactions between motor cortical hemispheres during bimanual and unimanual arm movements. Eur. J. Neurosci. 14, 1881\u20131896 (2001).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050884","volume":"128","author":"JC Eliassen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Eliassen, J. C., Baynes, K. & Gazzaniga, M. S. Direction information coordinated via the posterior third of the corpus callosum during bimanual movements. Exp. Brain Res. 128, 573\u2013577 (1999).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"22701_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franz, E., Eliassen, J. & Ivry, R. Dissociation of spatial and temporal coupling in the bimanual movements of callosotomy patients. Psychol. Sci. 7, 306\u2013310 (1996).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00379.x"},{"key":"22701_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00725.2004","volume":"93","author":"WP Medendorp","year":"2005","unstructured":"Medendorp, W. P., Goltz, H. C., Crawford, J. D. & Vilis, T. Integration of target and effector information in human posterior parietal cortex for the planning of action. J. Neurophysiol. 93, 954\u2013962 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"22701_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4689","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-11-04689.2003","volume":"23","author":"SV Astafiev","year":"2003","unstructured":"Astafiev, S. V. et al. Functional organization of human intraparietal and frontal cortex for attending, looking, and pointing. J. Neurosci. 23, 4689\u20134699 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10042","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0015-18.2018","volume":"38","author":"DT Bundy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bundy, D. T., Szrama, N., Pahwa, M. & Leuthardt, E. C. Unilateral, 3D arm movement kinematics are encoded in ipsilateral human cortex. J. Neurosci. 38, 10042\u201310056 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/35084005","volume":"412","author":"NK Logothetis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Logothetis, N. K., Pauls, J., Augath, M., Trinath, T. & Oeltermann, A. Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal. Nature 412, 150\u2013157 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"22701_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2014.06.004","volume":"62","author":"R Hosaka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hosaka, R., Nakajima, T., Aihara, K., Yamaguchi, Y. & Mushiake, H. Arm-use dependent lateralization of gamma and beta oscillations in primate medial motor areas. Neural Netw. 62, 62\u201366 (2015).","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"22701_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3410","volume":"15","author":"S Lewis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lewis, S. Motor systems: bimanual bionics. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 15, 2\u20132 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210ra154","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006159","volume":"5","author":"PJ Ifft","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ifft, P. J., Shokur, S., Li, Z., Lebedev, M. A. & Nicolelis, M. A. L. A brain-machine interface enables bimanual arm movements in monkeys. Sci. Transl. Med. 5, 210ra154\u2013210ra154 (2013).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"22701_CR59","first-page":"6","volume":"3","author":"J Kr\u00fcger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kr\u00fcger, J., Caruana, F., Volta, R. D. & Rizzolatti, G. Seven years of recording from monkey cortex with a chronically implanted multiple microelectrode. Front. Neuroeng. 3, 6 (2010).","journal-title":"Front. Neuroeng."},{"key":"22701_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"025027","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/8\/2\/025027","volume":"8","author":"JD Simeral","year":"2011","unstructured":"Simeral, J. D., Kim, S.-P., Black, M. J., Donoghue, J. P. & Hochberg, L. R. Neural control of cursor trajectory and click by a human with tetraplegia 1000 days after implant of an intracortical microelectrode array. J. Neural Eng. 8, 025027 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"22701_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"036009","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/12\/3\/036009","volume":"12","author":"SD Stavisky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stavisky, S. D., Kao, J. C., Nuyujukian, P., Ryu, S. I. & Shenoy, K. V. A high performing brain-machine interface driven by low-frequency local field potentials alone and together with spikes. J. Neural Eng. 12, 036009 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"22701_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X0001534X","volume":"6","author":"G Berlucchi","year":"1983","unstructured":"Berlucchi, G. Two hemispheres but one brain. Behav. Brain Sci. 6, 171\u2013172 (1983).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"22701_CR63","first-page":"41","volume":"18","author":"M Kinsbourne","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kinsbourne, M. Hemi-neglect and hemisphere rivalry. Adv. Neurol. 18, 41\u201349 (1977).","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"key":"22701_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-005-6252-y","volume":"15","author":"JS Bloom","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bloom, J. S. & Hynd, G. W. The role of the corpus callosum in interhemispheric transfer of information: excitation or inhibition? Neuropsychol. Rev. 15, 59\u201371 (2005).","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"22701_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1217276","volume":"335","author":"LM Palmer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Palmer, L. M. et al. The cellular basis of GABA(B)-mediated interhemispheric inhibition. Science 335, 989\u2013993 (2012).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"22701_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.12.1844","volume":"61","author":"NS Ward","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ward, N. S. & Cohen, L. G. Mechanisms underlying recovery of motor function after stroke. Arch. Neurol. 61, 1844\u20131848 (2004).","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"22701_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10848","volume":"55","author":"N Murase","year":"2004","unstructured":"Murase, N., Duque, J., Mazzocchio, R. & Cohen, L. G. Influence of interhemispheric interactions on motor function in chronic stroke. Ann. Neurol. 55, 400\u2013409 (2004).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"22701_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.162","volume":"10","author":"GD Pino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pino, G. D. et al. Modulation of brain plasticity in stroke: a novel model for neurorehabilitation. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 10, 597\u2013608 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"22701_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25452","volume":"85","author":"J Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu, J. et al. Rethinking interhemispheric imbalance as a target for stroke neurorehabilitation. Ann. Neurol. 85, 502\u2013513 (2019).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"22701_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.06.015","volume":"8","author":"CM Stinear","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stinear, C. M., Petoe, M. A. & Byblow, W. D. Primary motor cortex excitability during recovery after stroke: implications for neuromodulation. Brain Stimul. 8, 1183\u20131190 (2015).","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"22701_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.01.020","author":"SS Kantak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kantak, S. S., Zahedi, N. & McGRath, R. L. Task-dependent bimanual coordination after stroke: relationship with sensorimotor impairments. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.01.020 (2016).","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"22701_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2019.04.013","volume":"249","author":"J-R Rizzo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rizzo, J.-R. et al. Eye-hand re-coordination: a pilot investigation of gaze and reach biofeedback in chronic stroke. Prog. Brain Res. 249, 361\u2013374 (2019).","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"22701_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1310\/NCB1-JWAA-09QE-7TXB","volume":"11","author":"DK Rose","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rose, D. K. & Winstein, C. J. Bimanual training after stroke: are two hands better than one? Top. Stroke Rehabil. 11, 20\u201330 (2004).","journal-title":"Top. Stroke Rehabil."},{"key":"22701_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3817","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718267115","volume":"115","author":"E Mooshagian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mooshagian, E. & Snyder, L. H. Spatial eye\u2013hand coordination during bimanual reaching is not systematically coded in either LIP or PRR. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, E3817\u2013E3826 (2018).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"22701_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11129","volume":"487","author":"MM Churchland","year":"2012","unstructured":"Churchland, M. M. et al. Neural population dynamics during reaching. Nature 487, 51\u201356 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"22701_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2527","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1500242112","volume":"112","author":"JM Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li, J. M., Bentley, W. J. & Snyder, L. H. Functional connectivity arises from a slow rhythmic mechanism. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, E2527\u2013E2535 (2015).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"22701_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)60378-7","volume":"95","author":"CL Colby","year":"1993","unstructured":"Colby, C. L., Duhamel, J. R. & Goldberg, M. E. The analysis of visual space by the lateral intraparietal area of the monkey: the role of extraretinal signals. Prog. Brain Res. 95, 307\u2013316 (1993).","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"22701_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237200","volume":"51","author":"JF Kalaska","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kalaska, J. F., Caminiti, R. & Georgopoulos, A. P. Cortical mechanisms related to the direction of two-dimensional arm movements: relations in parietal area 5 and comparison with motor cortex. Exp. Brain Res. 51, 247\u2013260 (1983).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"22701_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01538.x","volume":"13","author":"C Galletti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Galletti, C. et al. The cortical connections of area V6: an occipito-parietal network processing visual information. Eur. J. Neurosci. 13, 1572\u20131588 (2001).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"22701_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00248741","volume":"71","author":"M Gentilucci","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gentilucci, M. et al. Functional organization of inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey. I. Somatotopy and the control of proximal movements. Exp. Brain Res. 71, 475\u2013490 (1988).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"22701_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1980.43.4.1090","volume":"43","author":"MJ Soso","year":"1980","unstructured":"Soso, M. J. & Fetz, E. E. Responses of identified cells in postcentral cortex of awake monkeys during comparable active and passive joint movements. J. Neurophysiol. 43, 1090\u20131110 (1980).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"22701_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1980.43.4.1070","volume":"43","author":"EE Fetz","year":"1980","unstructured":"Fetz, E. E., Finocchio, D. V., Baker, M. A. & Soso, M. J. Sensory and motor responses of precentral cortex cells during comparable passive and active joint movements. J. Neurophysiol. 43, 1070\u20131089 (1980).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"22701_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1139\/y81-112","volume":"59","author":"EV Evarts","year":"1981","unstructured":"Evarts, E. V. & Fromm, C. Transcortical reflexes and servo control of movement. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 59, 757\u2013775 (1981).","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"22701_CR84","unstructured":"Kernighan, B. W. & Ritchie, D. M. The C Programming Language. (1978)."},{"key":"22701_CR85","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.  http:\/\/www.R-project.org (2020)."},{"key":"22701_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mitra, P. & Bokil, H. Observed Brain Dynamics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195178081.001.0001 (2009).","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195178081.001.0001"},{"key":"22701_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Percival, D. B. & Walden, A. T. Spectral Analysis for Physical Applications: Multitaper and Conventional Univariate Techniques (1993).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511622762"},{"key":"22701_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2004.840301","volume":"93","author":"M Frigo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Frigo, M. & Johnson, S. G. The design and Implementation of FFTW3. Proc. IEEE 93, 216\u2013231 (2005).","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"22701_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20001204)428:1<79::AID-CNE7>3.0.CO;2-Q","volume":"428","author":"JW Lewis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lewis, J. W. & Essen, D. C. V. Mapping of architectonic subdivisions in the macaque monkey, with emphasis on parieto-occipital cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 428, 79\u2013111 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-22701-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-22701-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-22701-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T22:10:14Z","timestamp":1675203014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-22701-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["22701"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-22701-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 September 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2514"}}