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Here, we report that competitive inhibition of HIV Env-CCR5 binding via the CCR5-specific antibody Leronlimab protects rhesus macaques against infection following repeated intrarectal challenges of CCR5-tropic SHIV\n                    <jats:sub>SF162P3<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Injection of Leronlimab weekly at 10\u2009mg\/kg provides significant but partial protection, while biweekly 50\u2009mg\/kg provides complete protection from SHIV acquisition. Tissue biopsies from protected macaques post challenge show complete CCR5 receptor occupancy and an absence of viral nucleic acids. After Leronlimab washout, protected macaques remain aviremic, and adoptive transfer of hematologic cells into na\u00efve macaques does not transmit viral infection. These data identify CCR5 blockade with Leronlimab as a promising approach to HIV prophylaxis and support initiation of clinical trials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23697-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T06:20:51Z","timestamp":1623046851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Antibody-based CCR5 blockade protects Macaques from mucosal SHIV transmission"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiao L.","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela M.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7101-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen 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J.B.S. has also received compensation for consulting for CytoDyn. The potential conflict of interest has been reviewed and managed by the Oregon Health & Science University. L.C.N. is an advisor for Abbvie and ViiV. N.P. and S.K. are employees of CytoDyn, owner, and developer of Leronlimab. B.P. is an employee of IncellDX, a company providing Leronlimab-based CCR5 diagnostics. K.D. is an employee of Amarex Clinical Research, a company that manages clinical trials and regulatory matters for CytoDyn.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3343"}}