{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T17:37:55Z","timestamp":1792949875168,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N93019C00051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93019C00051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In addition to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), humans are also susceptible to six other coronaviruses, for which consecutive exposures to antigenically related and divergent seasonal coronaviruses are frequent. Despite the prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing research, the nature of the antibody response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unclear. Here we longitudinally profile the early humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and quantify levels of pre-existing immunity to OC43, HKU1 and 229E seasonal coronaviruses, and find a strong back-boosting effect to conserved but not variable regions of OC43 and HKU1 betacoronaviruses spike protein. However, such antibody memory boost to human coronaviruses negatively correlates with the induction of IgG and IgM against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid protein. Our findings thus provide evidence of immunological imprinting by previous seasonal coronavirus infections that can potentially modulate the antibody profile to SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23977-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T06:03:33Z","timestamp":1623996213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":202,"title":["Immunological imprinting of the antibody response in COVID-19 patients"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3086-1058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Aydillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0227-5916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Rombauts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6792-7650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Stadlbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadaf","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Abelenda-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Escalera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Amanat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaijun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4121-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Krammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3209-2563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Carratala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6551-1827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adolfo","family":"Garc\u00eda-Sastre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"23977_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","volume":"382","author":"N Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu, N. et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N. Engl. J. Med. 382, 727\u2013733 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"23977_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.021","volume":"182","author":"DM Morens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morens, D. M. & Fauci, A. S. Emerging pandemic diseases: how we got to COVID-19. Cell 182, 1077\u20131092 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"23977_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.02.004","volume":"24","author":"M Ieven","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ieven, M. et al. Aetiology of lower respiratory tract infection in adults in primary care: a prospective study in 11 European countries. Clin. Microbiol Infect. 24, 1158\u20131163 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"23977_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211721","volume":"367","author":"AM Zaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zaki, A. M., van Boheemen, S., Bestebroer, T. M., Osterhaus, A. D. & Fouchier, R. A. Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. N. Engl. J. Med. 367, 1814\u20131820 (2012).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"23977_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13077-2","volume":"361","author":"JS Peiris","year":"2003","unstructured":"Peiris, J. S. et al. Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet 361, 1319\u20131325 (2003).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"23977_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.09.001","volume":"25","author":"D Forni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Forni, D., Cagliani, R., Clerici, M. & Sironi, M. Molecular evolution of human coronavirus genomes. Trends Microbiol. 25, 35\u201348 (2017).","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"23977_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30287-5","volume":"20","author":"Q Bi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bi, Q. et al. Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in 391 cases and 1286 of their close contacts in Shenzhen, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 20, 911\u2013919 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"23977_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson, L. A., et al. An mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 - preliminary report. N. Engl. J. Med. 383, 1920\u20131931 (2020).","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022483"},{"key":"23977_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mercado, N. B., et al. Single-shot Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques. Nature 586, 583\u2013588 (2020).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2607-z"},{"key":"23977_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Doremalen, N. et al. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques. Nature 586, 578\u2013582 (2020).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2608-y"},{"key":"23977_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piccoli, L. et al. Mapping neutralizing and immunodominant sites on the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain by structure-guided high-resolution serology. Cell 83, 1024\u20131042 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.037"},{"key":"23977_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb7269","volume":"368","author":"M Yuan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuan, M. et al. A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Science 368, 630\u2013633 (2020).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"23977_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0771-4","volume":"5","author":"MF Boni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boni, M. F. et al. Evolutionary origins of the SARS-CoV-2 sarbecovirus lineage responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Nat. Microbiol. 5, 1408\u20131417 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"23977_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.11.032","volume":"183","author":"AC Walls","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walls, A. C. et al. Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Cell 183, 1735 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"23977_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6511","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.8.6511-6519.1998","volume":"72","author":"C Lachance","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lachance, C., Arbour, N., Cashman, N. R. & Talbot, P. J. Involvement of aminopeptidase N (CD13) in infection of human neural cells by human coronavirus 229E. J. Virol. 72, 6511\u20136519 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"23977_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1809667116","volume":"116","author":"RJG Hulswit","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hulswit, R. J. G. et al. Human coronaviruses OC43 and HKU1 bind to 9-O-acetylated sialic acids via a conserved receptor-binding site in spike protein domain A. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, 2681\u20132690 (2019).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"23977_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12711","volume":"503","author":"XY Ge","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ge, X. Y. et al. Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor. Nature 503, 535\u2013538 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"23977_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2380-z","volume":"584","author":"B Ju","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ju, B. et al. Human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nature 584, 115\u2013119 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"23977_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2381-y","volume":"584","author":"R Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi, R. et al. A human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor-binding site of SARS-CoV-2. Nature 584, 120\u2013124 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"23977_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.045","volume":"181","author":"Q Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, Q. et al. Structural and functional basis of SARS-CoV-2 entry by using human ACE2. Cell 181, 894\u2013904 (2020). e899.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"23977_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0688-y","volume":"5","author":"M Letko","year":"2020","unstructured":"Letko, M., Marzi, A. & Munster, V. Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses. Nat. Microbiol. 5, 562\u2013569 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol"},{"key":"23977_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107725","volume":"31","author":"H Lv","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lv, H. et al. Cross-reactive antibody response between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infections. Cell Rep. 31, 107725 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"23977_CR23","unstructured":"Shrock, E. et al. Viral epitope profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals cross-reactivity and correlates of severity. Science 370, eabd4250 (2020)."},{"key":"23977_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Elslande, J. et al. Antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nucleoprotein evaluated by four automated immunoassays and three ELISAs. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 26, 1557.e1\u20131557.e7 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.07.038"},{"key":"23977_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd3871","volume":"370","author":"J Mateus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mateus, J. et al. Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans. Science 370, 89\u201394 (2020).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"23977_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00338-w","volume":"5","author":"RD de Vries","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Vries, R. D. SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells in unexposed humans: presence of cross-reactive memory cells does not equal protective immunity. Signal Transduct. Target Ther. 5, 224 (2020).","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"23977_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2598-9","volume":"587","author":"J Braun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Braun, J. et al. SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in healthy donors and patients with COVID-19. Nature 587, 270\u2013274 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"23977_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.015","volume":"181","author":"A Grifoni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grifoni, A. et al. Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals. Cell 181, 1489\u20131501 (2020). e1415.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"23977_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meckiff, B. J. et al. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 reactive CD4 (+) T cells. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.12.148916 (2020).","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.12.148916"},{"key":"23977_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiskopf, D. et al. Phenotype and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Sci. Immunol. 5, eabd2071 (2020).","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abd2071"},{"key":"23977_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1086\/430355","volume":"191","author":"XY Che","year":"2005","unstructured":"Che, X. Y. et al. Antigenic cross-reactivity between severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus and human coronaviruses 229E and OC43. J. Infect. Dis. 191, 2033\u20132037 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"23977_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen-Contant, P. et al. S protein-reactive IgG and memory B cell production after human SARS-CoV-2 infection includes broad reactivity to the S2 subunit. mBio 11, e01991\u201320 (2020).","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01991-20"},{"key":"23977_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe1107","volume":"370","author":"KW Ng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ng, K. W. et al. Preexisting and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans. Science 370, 1339\u20131343 (2020).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"23977_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelvin, A. A. & Zambon, M. Influenza imprinting in childhood and the influence on vaccine response later in life. Euro Surveill. 24, 1900720 (2019).","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.48.1900720"},{"key":"23977_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1256427","volume":"346","author":"JM Fonville","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fonville, J. M. et al. Antibody landscapes after influenza virus infection or vaccination. Science 346, 996\u20131000 (2014).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"23977_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dugan, H. L. et al. Preexisting immunity shapes distinct antibody landscapes after influenza virus infection and vaccination in humans. Sci. Transl. Med. 12, eabd3601 (2020).","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abd3601"},{"key":"23977_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy103","volume":"218","author":"EJ Erbelding","year":"2018","unstructured":"Erbelding, E. J. et al. A universal influenza vaccine: the strategic plan for the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases. J. Infect. Dis. 218, 347\u2013354 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"23977_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix173","volume":"215","author":"AS Monto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Monto, A. S., Malosh, R. E., Petrie, J. G. & Martin, E. T. The doctrine of original antigenic sin: separating good from evil. J. Infect. Dis. 215, 1782\u20131788 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"23977_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1008109","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008109","volume":"15","author":"KM Gostic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gostic, K. M. et al. Childhood immune imprinting to influenza A shapes birth year-specific risk during seasonal H1N1 and H3N2 epidemics. PLoS Pathog. 15, e1008109 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"23977_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meade, P. et al. Influenza virus infection induces a narrow antibody response in children but a broad recall response in adults. mBio 11, e03243\u201319 (2020).","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03243-19"},{"key":"23977_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1983.32.154","volume":"32","author":"SB Halstead","year":"1983","unstructured":"Halstead, S. B., Rojanasuphot, S. & Sangkawibha, N. Original antigenic sin in dengue. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 32, 154\u2013156 (1983).","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"23977_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01826-10","volume":"85","author":"CM Midgley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Midgley, C. M. et al. An in-depth analysis of original antigenic sin in dengue virus infection. J. Virol. 85, 410\u2013421 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"23977_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00278-10","volume":"17","author":"GJ Gorse","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gorse, G. J., Patel, G. B., Vitale, J. N. & O\u2019Connor, T. Z. Prevalence of antibodies to four human coronaviruses is lower in nasal secretions than in serum. Clin. Vaccin. Immunol. 17, 1875\u20131880 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccin. Immunol."},{"key":"23977_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Del Valle, D. M. et al. An inflammatory cytokine signature predicts COVID-19 severity and survival. Nat. Med. 26, 1636\u20131643 (2020).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1051-9"},{"key":"23977_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tortorici, M. A. et al. Ultrapotent human antibodies protect against SARS-CoV-2 challenge via multiple mechanisms. Science 370, 950\u2013957 (2020).","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe3354"},{"key":"23977_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Addetia, A. et al. Neutralizing antibodies correlate with protection from SARS-CoV-2 in humans during a fishery vessel outbreak with high attack rate. J. Clin. Microbiol. 58, e02107\u201320 (2020).","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02107-20"},{"key":"23977_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.011","volume":"182","author":"AO Hassan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hassan, A. O. et al. A SARS-CoV-2 infection model in mice demonstrates protection by neutralizing antibodies. Cell 182, 744\u2013753 (2020). e744.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"23977_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78506-9","volume":"10","author":"G Saletti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saletti, G. et al. Older adults lack SARS CoV-2 cross-reactive T lymphocytes directed to human coronaviruses OC43 and NL63. Sci. Rep. 10, 21447 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"23977_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.03.007","volume":"52","author":"F Amanat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amanat, F. & Krammer, F. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: status report. Immunity 52, 583\u2013589 (2020).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"23977_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amanat, F. et al. The plasmablast response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination is dominated by non-neutralizing antibodies that target both the NTD and the RBD. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.03.07.21253098 (2021).","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.07.21253098"},{"key":"23977_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2020.100130","volume":"1","author":"T Aydillo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aydillo, T. et al. Pre-existing hemagglutinin stalk antibodies correlate with protection of lower respiratory symptoms in flu-infected transplant patients. Cell Rep. Med. 1, 100130 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"23977_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0913-5","volume":"26","author":"F Amanat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amanat, F. et al. A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans. Nat. Med. 26, 1033\u20131036 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"23977_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmc.100","volume":"57","author":"D Stadlbauer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stadlbauer, D. et al. SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans: a detailed protocol for a serological assay, antigen production, and test setup. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 57, e100 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-23977-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-23977-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-23977-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T08:20:13Z","timestamp":1669969213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-23977-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["23977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-23977-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.10.14.20212662","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A.G.S. is inventor of patents owned by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in the field of influenza virus vaccines. The A.G.S. lab has received research funds from Avimex, GSK, and 7Hills to investigate novel influenza virus vaccines. The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai has filed patent applications relating to SARS-CoV-2 serological assays and NDV-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines which list F.K. as co-inventor. D.S. and F.A. are also listed on the serological assay patent application as co-inventors. Mount Sinai has spun out a company, Kantaro, to market serological tests for SARS-CoV-2. F.K. has consulted for Merck and Pfizer (before 2020), and is currently consulting for Pfizer, Seqirus, and Avimex. The Krammer laboratory is also collaborating with Pfizer on animal models of SARS-CoV-2. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3781"}}