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In this study, we investigated plasma p-tau181 as a biomarker of AD in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). We included 366 adults with DS (240 asymptomatic, 43 prodromal AD, 83 AD dementia) and 44 euploid cognitively normal controls. We measured plasma p-tau181 with a Single molecule array (Simoa) assay. We examined the diagnostic performance of p-tau181 for the detection of AD and the relationship with other fluid and imaging biomarkers. Plasma p-tau181 concentration showed an area under the curve of 0.80 [95% CI 0.73\u20130.87] and 0.92 [95% CI 0.89\u20130.95] for the discrimination between asymptomatic individuals versus those in the prodromal and dementia groups, respectively. Plasma p-tau181 correlated with atrophy and hypometabolism in temporoparietal regions. Our findings indicate that plasma p-tau181 concentration can be useful to detect AD in DS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24319-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T10:03:06Z","timestamp":1626256986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Phosphorylated tau181 in plasma as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer\u2019s disease in adults with Down 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In addition, Dr. Lle\u00f3 has a patent WO2019175379 A1 Markers of synaptopathy in neurodegenerative disease issued. Dr. Zetterberg has served as a consultant or at advisory boards for Denali, Roche Diagnostics, Wave, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Pinteon Therapeutics and CogRx, has given lectures in symposia sponsored by Fujirebio, Alzecure and Biogen, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program. Dr. Alcolea has served as a consultant or at advisory boards for Krka Farmac\u00e9utica S.L., Fujirebio-Europe, Roche Diagnostics and Nutricia. In addition, Dr. Alcolea has a patent WO2019175379 A1 Markers of synaptopathy in neurodegenerative disease issued. Dr. Blennow has served as a consultant or at advisory boards for Abcam, Axon, Biogen, JOMDD\/Shimadzu. Julius Clinical, Lilly, MagQu, Novartis, Roche Diagnostics, and Siemens Healthineers, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program. Dr. Fortea has served as a consultant or at advisory boards for AC Immune, Novartis, and Merck. In addition, Dr. Fortea has a patent WO2019175379 A1 Markers of synaptopathy in neurodegenerative disease issued. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4304"}}