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However, studies examining effort-based decisions typically assume that the willingness to work is static. Here, we use computational modelling on two effort-based tasks, one behavioural and one during fMRI. We show that two hidden states of fatigue fluctuate on a moment-to-moment basis on different timescales but both reduce the willingness to exert effort for reward. The value of one state increases after effort but is \u2018recoverable\u2019 by rests, whereas a second \u2018unrecoverable\u2019 state gradually increases with work. The BOLD response in separate medial and lateral frontal sub-regions covaried with these states when making effort-based decisions, while a distinct fronto-striatal system integrated fatigue with value. These results provide a computational framework for understanding the brain mechanisms of persistence and momentary fatigue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24927-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T10:02:58Z","timestamp":1627466578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Neural and computational mechanisms of momentary fatigue and persistence in effort-based choice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0659-7883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5156-9833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam C.","family":"Klein-Fl\u00fcgge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0735-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay G.","family":"Manohar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masud","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5793-2202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew A. 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