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This includes an altered microbiome dominated by Enterobacteriaceae and in particular adherent-invasive\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (AIEC). Clinical evidence implicates periods of psychological stress in Crohn\u2019s disease exacerbation, and disturbances in the gut microbiome might contribute to the\u00a0pathogenic mechanism. Here we show that stress-exposed mice develop ileal dysbiosis, dominated by the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae. In an AIEC colonisation model, stress-induced glucocorticoids promote apoptosis of CD45\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD90\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells that normally produce IL-22, a cytokine that is essential for the maintenance of ileal mucosal barrier integrity. Blockade of glucocorticoid signaling or administration of recombinant IL-22 restores mucosal immunity, prevents ileal dysbiosis, and blocks AIEC expansion. We conclude that psychological stress impairs IL-22-driven protective immunity in the gut, which creates a favorable niche for the expansion of pathobionts that have been implicated in Crohn\u2019s disease. Importantly, this work also shows that immunomodulation can counteract the negative effects of psychological stress on gut immunity and hence disease-associated dysbiosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26992-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T06:03:09Z","timestamp":1637215389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Psychological stress impairs IL22-driven protective gut mucosal immunity against colonising pathobionts"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Shaler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra A.","family":"Parco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4599-8500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael","family":"Elhenawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmeen","family":"Dourka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Jury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6346-2665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena F.","family":"Verdu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9883-1010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian K.","family":"Coombes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"26992_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00942","volume":"8","author":"M Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, M. et al. 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