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We recently showed that iron deficiency-induced chlorosis depends on phosphorus availability. How plants integrate these cues to control chlorophyll accumulation is unknown. Here, we show that iron limitation downregulates photosynthesis genes in a phosphorus-dependent manner. Using transcriptomics and genome-wide association analysis, we identify two genes,\n                    <jats:italic>PHT4;4<\/jats:italic>\n                    encoding a chloroplastic ascorbate transporter and\n                    <jats:italic>bZIP58<\/jats:italic>\n                    , encoding a nuclear transcription factor, which prevent the downregulation of photosynthesis genes leading to the stay-green phenotype under iron-phosphorus deficiency. Joint limitation of these nutrients induces ascorbate accumulation by activating expression of an ascorbate biosynthesis gene,\n                    <jats:italic>VTC4<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which requires bZIP58. Furthermore, we demonstrate that chloroplastic ascorbate transport prevents the downregulation of photosynthesis genes under iron-phosphorus combined deficiency through modulation of ROS homeostasis. Our study uncovers a ROS-mediated chloroplastic retrograde signaling pathway to adapt photosynthesis to nutrient availability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27548-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T06:04:11Z","timestamp":1639116251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Interdependent iron and phosphorus availability controls photosynthesis through retrograde signaling"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hye-In","family":"Nam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaigham","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanniv","family":"Dorone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Clowez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1472-4993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kangmei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Bouain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4057-1900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katerina S.","family":"Lay-Pruitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huikyong","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7572-4762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Y.","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6243-1488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatem","family":"Rouached","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"27548_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2009.04074.x","volume":"61","author":"F Myouga","year":"2010","unstructured":"Myouga, F. et al. 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