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A\n                    <jats:italic>doublesex<\/jats:italic>\n                    -targeting gene drive was able to suppress laboratory\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquito populations in small and large cages, and it is considered for field application. Challenges related to the field-use of gene drives and the evolving regulatory framework suggest that systems able to modulate or revert the action of gene drives, could be part of post-release risk-mitigation plans. In this study, we challenge an AcrIIA4-based anti-drive to inhibit gene drive spread in age-structured\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    population under complex feeding and behavioural conditions. A stochastic model predicts the experimentally-observed genotype dynamics in age-structured populations in medium-sized cages and highlights the necessity of large-sized cage trials. These experiments and experimental-modelling framework demonstrate the effectiveness of the anti-drive in different scenarios, providing further corroboration for its use in controlling the spread of gene drive in\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-44907-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T23:55:03Z","timestamp":1706745303000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Anti-CRISPR Anopheles mosquitoes inhibit gene drive spread under challenging behavioural conditions in large cages"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Rocco","family":"D\u2019Amato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6616-5241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chrysanthi","family":"Taxiarchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2018-8242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Galardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Trusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana L.","family":"Minuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Grilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair G. 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