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Cladistic analyses have recovered <jats:italic>Pliobates<\/jats:italic> as either a stem hominoid or as a pliopithecoid stem catarrhine (i.e., preceding the cercopithecoid\u2013hominoid divergence). Here, we describe additional dental remains of <jats:italic>P. cataloniae<\/jats:italic> from another locality that display unambiguous synapomorphies of crouzeliid pliopithecoids. Our cladistic analyses support a close phylogenetic link with poorly-known small crouzeliids from Europe based on (cranio)dental characters but recover pliopithecoids as stem hominoids when postcranial characters are included. We conclude that <jats:italic>Pliobates<\/jats:italic> is a derived stem catarrhine that shows postcranial convergences with modern apes in the elbow and wrist joints\u2014thus clarifying pliopithecoid evolution and illustrating the plausibility of independent acquisition of postcranial similarities between hylobatids and hominids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47034-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T16:01:52Z","timestamp":1711987312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Miocene primate Pliobates is a pliopithecoid"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1226-5201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Bouchet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5617-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Zanolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6265-8962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Urciuoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1373-1497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Alm\u00e9cija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4282-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep","family":"Fortuny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep M.","family":"Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9363-5966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Beaudet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8506-1061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvador","family":"Moy\u00e0-Sol\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8886-5580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Alba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"47034_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab2625","volume":"350","author":"DM Alba","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alba, D. 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