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Here, we investigate the genetic determinants of within-person trait variability of 8 repeatedly measured anthropometric traits in 50,117 individuals from the UK Biobank. We found that within-person (non-directional) variability had a SNP-based heritability of 2\u20135% for height, sitting height, body mass index (BMI) and weight (P <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\le$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> 2.4\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>). We also analysed longitudinal trait change and show a loss of both average height and weight beyond about 70 years of age. A variant tracking the Alzheimer\u2019s risk <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>-<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$${{{{{\\mathcal{E}}}}}}4$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi>\n                  <mml:mn>4<\/mml:mn>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> allele (rs429358) was significantly associated with weight loss (<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\beta$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.047\u2009kg per yr, s.e. 0.007, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.2\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221211<\/jats:sup>), and using 2-sample Mendelian Randomisation we detected a relationship consistent with causality between decreased lumbar spine bone mineral density and height loss (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>xy<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.011, s.e. 0.003, P\u2009=\u20093.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>). Finally, population-level variance quantitative trait loci (vQTL) were consistent with within-person variability for several traits, indicating an overlap between trait variability assessed at the population or individual level. Our findings help elucidate the genetic influence on trait-change within an individual and highlight disease risks associated with these changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47802-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T11:01:50Z","timestamp":1714993310000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Genetic influence on within-person longitudinal change in anthropometric traits in the UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9288-4522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Kemper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Sidorenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5606-3970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben J.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi R.","family":"Wray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loic","family":"Yengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6075-9882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Goddard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2143-8760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter M.","family":"Visscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"47802_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xgen.2022.100192","volume":"2","author":"W Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou, W. et al. 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