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Given the limited contribution of East Asian ancestry to genome-wide association studies of serum urate, the genetic architecture of serum urate requires exploration. A large-scale cross-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of 1,029,323 individuals and ancestry-specific meta-analysis identifies a total of 351 loci, including 17 previously unreported loci. The genetic architecture of serum urate control is similar between European and East Asian populations. A transcriptome-wide association study, enrichment analysis, and colocalization analysis in relevant tissues identify candidate serum urate-associated genes, including <jats:italic>CTBP1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SKIV2L<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>WWP2<\/jats:italic>. A phenome-wide association study using polygenic risk scores identifies serum urate-correlated diseases including heart failure and hypertension. 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