{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T21:11:40Z","timestamp":1793221900300,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Electrochemical-mechanical coupling poses enormous challenges to the interfacial and structural stability but create new opportunities to design innovative all-solid-state batteries from scratch. Relying on the solid-solid constraint in the space-limited domain structure, we propose to exploit the lithiation-induced stress to drive the active materials creep, thereby improving the structural integrity. For demonstration, we fabricate the creep-type all-solid-state cathode using creepable Se material and an all-in-one rigid ionic\/electronic conducting Mo6Se8 framework. As indicated by the in-situ experiment and numerical simulation, this cathode presents unique capabilities in improving interparticle contact and avoiding particle fracture, leading to its superior electrochemical performance, including a superior long-cycle life of more than 3000 cycles at 0.5\u2009C and a high volumetric energy density of 2460\u2009Wh\/L at the cathode level. We believe this innovative strategy to utilize mechanics to boost the electrochemical performance could shed light on the future design of all-solid-state batteries for practical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48174-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T08:02:07Z","timestamp":1714636927000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Creep-type all-solid-state cathode achieving long life"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6449-6952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5058-9195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunxi","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoliang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3694-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8659-086X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liquan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6772-8421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liumin","family":"Suo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"48174_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-023-01208-9","volume":"8","author":"J Janek","year":"2023","unstructured":"Janek, J. & Zeier, W. G. Challenges in speeding up solid-state battery development. Nat. Energy 8, 230\u2013240 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"key":"48174_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13043","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.2c00002","volume":"122","author":"LS de Vasconcelos","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Vasconcelos, L. S. et al. Chemomechanics of rechargeable batteries: status, theories, and perspectives. Chem. Rev. 122, 13043\u201313107 (2022).","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"48174_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg5998","volume":"381","author":"S Kalnaus","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kalnaus, S., Dudney, N. J., Westover, A. S., Herbert, E. & Hackney, S. Solid-state batteries: The critical role of mechanics. Science 381, eabg5998 (2023).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"48174_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EE00907D","volume":"11","author":"R Koerver","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koerver, R. et al. Chemo-mechanical expansion of lithium electrode materials \u2013 on the route to mechanically optimized all-solid-state batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 11, 2142\u20132158 (2018).","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"48174_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fathiannasab, H., Zhu, L. & Chen, Z. Chemo-mechanical modeling of stress evolution in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries using synchrotron transmission X-ray microscopy tomography. J. Power Sources 483 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2020.229028 (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2020.229028"},{"key":"48174_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/aaf7e2","volume":"52","author":"M Shoji","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shoji, M., Cheng, E. J., Kimura, T. & Kanamura, K. Recent progress for all solid state battery using sulfide and oxide solid electrolytes. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 52, 103001 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys."},{"key":"48174_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5574","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.7b00931","volume":"29","author":"R Koerver","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koerver, R. et al. Capacity fade in solid-state batteries: interphase formation and chemomechanical processes in nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes and lithium thiophosphate solid electrolytes. Chem. Mater. 29, 5574\u20135582 (2017).","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"48174_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s11661-005-0142-z","volume":"36","author":"MD Mathew","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mathew, M. D., Yang, H., Movva, S. & Murty, K. L. Creep deformation characteristics of tin and tin-based electronic solder alloys. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 36, 99\u2013105 (2005).","journal-title":"Metall. Mater. Trans. A"},{"key":"48174_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9337","DOI":"10.1063\/1.479846","volume":"111","author":"CM Roland","year":"1999","unstructured":"Roland, C. M., Santangelo, P. G., Plazek, D. J. & Bernatz, K. M. Creep of selenium near the glass temperature. J. Chem. Phys. 111, 9337\u20139342 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"48174_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.30684\/etj.v39i5A.1395","volume":"39","author":"OA Khadhair","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khadhair, O. A., Anaee, R. A. & Shabeeb, K. M. Effect of adding TiO2 on some mechanical properties of galloy. Eng. Technol. J. 39, 695\u2013702 (2021).","journal-title":"Eng. Technol. J."},{"key":"48174_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s11661-999-0051-7","volume":"30","author":"BN Lucas","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lucas, B. N. & Oliver, W. C. Indentation power-law creep of high-purity indium. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 30, 601\u2013610 (1999).","journal-title":"Metall. Mater. Trans. A"},{"key":"48174_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1699681","volume":"21","author":"C Herring","year":"1950","unstructured":"Herring, C. Diffusional viscosity of a polycrystalline solid. J. Appl. Phys. 21, 437\u2013445 (1950).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"48174_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/163117b0","volume":"163","author":"C Gurney","year":"1949","unstructured":"Gurney, C. Report of a conference on the strength solids. Nature 163, 117\u2013117 (1949).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"48174_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-018-2971-3","volume":"54","author":"A Masias","year":"2019","unstructured":"Masias, A., Felten, N., Garcia-Mendez, R., Wolfenstine, J. & Sakamoto, J. Elastic, plastic, and creep mechanical properties of lithium metal. J. Mater. Sci. 54, 2585\u20132600 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"48174_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-1972-y","volume":"578","author":"Y Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. Li metal deposition and stripping in a solid-state battery via Coble creep. Nature 578, 251\u2013255 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"48174_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26533","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c22006","volume":"13","author":"X Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Wang, Q. J., Peng, B. & Wu, Y. Pressure-driven and creep-enabled interface evolution in sodium metal batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13, 26533\u201326541 (2021).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"48174_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eml.2022.101644","volume":"52","author":"WS LePage","year":"2022","unstructured":"LePage, W. S., Chen, Y., Poli, A., Thouless, M. D. & Dasgupta, N. P. Sodium mechanics: Effects of temperature, strain rate, and grain rotation and implications for sodium metal batteries. Extrem. Mech. Lett. 52, 101644 (2022).","journal-title":"Extrem. Mech. Lett."},{"key":"48174_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg7217","volume":"373","author":"DHS Tan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tan, D. H. S. et al. Carbon-free high-loading silicon anodes enabled by sulfide solid electrolytes. Science 373, 1494 (2021). +.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"48174_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202004369","volume":"17","author":"X Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang, X. et al. Advanced high-performance Potassium\u2013Chalcogen (S, Se, Te) batteries. Small 17, 2004369 (2021).","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"48174_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s41918-018-0010-3","volume":"1","author":"X Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang, X., Li, X., Adair, K., Zhang, H. & Sun, X. Structural design of Lithium\u2013Sulfur batteries: from fundamental research to practical application. Electrochem. Energy Rev. 1, 239\u2013293 (2018).","journal-title":"Electrochem. Energy Rev."},{"key":"48174_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4147","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.29.4147","volume":"29","author":"ST Coleman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Coleman, S. T., McKinnon, W. R. & Dahn, J. R. Lithium intercalation inLixMo6Se8: A model mean-field lattice gas. Phys. Rev. B 29, 4147\u20134149 (1984).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"48174_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A3333","DOI":"10.1149\/2.1751713jes","volume":"164","author":"R Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu, R., Sun, H., de Vasconcelos, L. S. & Zhao, K. Mechanical and structural degradation of LiNixMnyCozO2 cathode in Li-ion batteries: an experimental study. J. Electrochem. Soc. 164, A3333\u2013A3341 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"48174_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssi.2005.05.019","volume":"176","author":"B-C Kim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim, B.-C. et al. All solid state Li-ion secondary battery with FeS anode. Solid State Ion. 176, 2383\u20132387 (2005).","journal-title":"Solid State Ion."},{"key":"48174_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(69)90119-8","volume":"6","author":"R Brett","year":"1969","unstructured":"Brett, R. & Bell, P. M. Melting relations in the Fe-rich portion of the system Fe&z.sbnd; FeS at 30 kb pressure. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 6, 479\u2013482 (1969).","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"48174_CR25","unstructured":"Kassner, M. & P\u00e9rez-Prado, M. Fundamentals of Creep in Metals and Alloys (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2004)."},{"key":"48174_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201602011","volume":"7","author":"FP McGrogan","year":"2017","unstructured":"McGrogan, F. P. et al. Compliant yet brittle mechanical behavior of Li2S\u2013P2S5 lithium-ion-conducting solid electrolyte. Adv. Energy Mater. 7, 1602011 (2017).","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"48174_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A89","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0221902jes","volume":"166","author":"WS LePage","year":"2019","unstructured":"LePage, W. S. et al. Lithium mechanics: roles of strain rate and temperature and implications for lithium metal batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 166, A89\u2013A97 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"48174_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2018.107563","volume":"164","author":"P Sudharshan Phani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sudharshan Phani, P. & Oliver, W. C. A critical assessment of the effect of indentation spacing on the measurement of hardness and modulus using instrumented indentation testing. Mater. Des. 164, 107563 (2019).","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"48174_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1557\/S0883769400041634","volume":"17","author":"GM Pharr","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pharr, G. M. & Oliver, W. C. Measurement of thin film mechanical properties using nanoindentation. MRS Bull. 17, 28\u201333 (1992).","journal-title":"MRS Bull."},{"key":"48174_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1557\/jmr.2013.39","volume":"28","author":"K Durst","year":"2013","unstructured":"Durst, K., G\u00f6ken, M., Maier, V. & Merle, B. An improved long-term nanoindentation creep testing approach for studying the local deformation processes in nanocrystalline metals at room and elevated temperatures. J. Mater. Res. 28, 1177\u20131188 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"48174_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1557\/jmr.2011.213","volume":"27","author":"I-C Choi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Choi, I.-C., Yoo, B.-G., Kim, Y.-J. & Jang, J.-I. Indentation creep revisited. J. Mater. Res. 27, 3\u201311 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"48174_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1557\/jmr.2011.156","volume":"26","author":"B Backes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Backes, B. et al. Nanoindentation strain-rate jump tests for determining the local strain-rate sensitivity in nanocrystalline Ni and ultrafine-grained Al. J. Mater. Res. 26, 1421\u20131430 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"48174_CR33","unstructured":"Dieter, G. E. & Bacon, D. Mechanical metallurgy. Vol. 3 (McGraw-hill New York, 1976)."},{"key":"48174_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2006.07.020","volume":"54","author":"R Goodall","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goodall, R. & Clyne, T. W. A critical appraisal of the extraction of creep parameters from nanoindentation data obtained at room temperature. Acta Mater. 54, 5489\u20135499 (2006).","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"48174_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1557\/jmr.2004.19.2.513","volume":"19","author":"H Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li, H. & Ngan, A. H. W. Size effects of nanoindentation creep. J. Mater. Res. 19, 513\u2013522 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"48174_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1002\/batt.201800149","volume":"2","author":"AL Santhosha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Santhosha, A. L., Medenbach, L., Buchheim, J. R. & Adelhelm, P. The Indium\u2212Lithium electrode in solid\u2010state lithium\u2010ion batteries: phase formation, redox potentials, and interface stability. Batter. Supercaps 2, 524\u2013529 (2019).","journal-title":"Batter. Supercaps"},{"key":"48174_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2019.05.003","volume":"129","author":"R Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu, R. et al. Heterogeneous damage in Li-ion batteries: Experimental analysis and theoretical modeling. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 129, 160\u2013183 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Mech. Phys. Solids"},{"key":"48174_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201900674","volume":"9","author":"Y Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Quantification of heterogeneous degradation in Li-Ion batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 9, 1900674 (2019).","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"48174_CR39","unstructured":"Betten, J. Creep mechanics. (Springer Science & Business Media, 2008)."},{"key":"48174_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-009-5380-2","volume":"98","author":"H Geng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Geng, H., Zhang, G., Wang, Z., Deng, Y. & Qin, H. Density\u2013temperature properties of Ga\u2013Sb alloy melt. Appl. Phys. A 98, 227 (2009).","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A"},{"key":"48174_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(16)64100-6","volume":"26","author":"F-q Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, F.-q et al. Effects of low melting point metals (Ga, In, Sn) on hydrolysis properties of aluminum alloys. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 26, 152\u2013159 (2016).","journal-title":"Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China"},{"key":"48174_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A453","DOI":"10.1149\/1.3284505","volume":"157","author":"M Gauthier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gauthier, M. et al. Melt casting LiFePO4: I. Synthesis and characterization. J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A453 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"48174_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3719\/15\/9\/010","volume":"15","author":"T Soma","year":"1982","unstructured":"Soma, T. & Matsuo, H. Pressure derivatives of the melting point for Si and Ge. J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 15, 1873 (1982).","journal-title":"J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys."},{"key":"48174_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A1131","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.137.A1131","volume":"137","author":"BC Deaton","year":"1965","unstructured":"Deaton, B. C. & Blum, F. A. Properties of Group VI B elements under pressure. I. Melting curves of S, Se, and Te. Phys. Rev. 137, A1131\u2013A1138 (1965).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"48174_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2016.04.018","volume":"634","author":"O Jankovsk\u00fd","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jankovsk\u00fd, O., Kova\u0159\u00edk, J., Leitner, J., R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka, K. & Sedmidubsk\u00fd, D. Thermodynamic properties of stoichiometric lithium cobaltite LiCoO2. Thermochim. Acta 634, 26\u201330 (2016).","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"48174_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2014.10.040","volume":"18","author":"N Nitta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nitta, N., Wu, F., Lee, J. T. & Yushin, G. Li-ion battery materials: present and future. Mater. Today 18, 252\u2013264 (2015).","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"48174_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7778","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200701144","volume":"46","author":"R Murugan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Murugan, R., Thangadurai, V. & Weppner, W. Fast lithium ion conduction in Garnet-Type Li7La3Zr2O12. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46, 7778\u20137781 (2007).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"48174_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10909","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b06327","volume":"139","author":"MA Kraft","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kraft, M. A. et al. Influence of Lattice polarizability on the ionic conductivity in the lithium superionic Argyrodites Li6PS5X (X = Cl, Br, I). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 10909\u201310918 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"48174_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2014.11.199","volume":"153","author":"L Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, L. et al. Enhanced electrochemical performances of mesoporous carbon microsphere\/selenium composites by controlling the pore structure and nitrogen doping. Electrochim. Acta 153, 140\u2013148 (2015).","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"48174_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16541","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c01996","volume":"12","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, Q. et al. Selenium-infused ordered mesoporous carbon for room-temperature all-solid-state lithium-selenium batteries with ultrastable cyclability. ACS Appl Mater. Interfaces 12, 16541\u201316547 (2020).","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"48174_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2017.01.060","volume":"33","author":"Q Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu, Q. et al. Ultra-microporous carbons encapsulate small sulfur molecules for high performance lithium-sulfur battery. Nano Energy 33, 402\u2013409 (2017).","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"48174_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.9b00282","volume":"31","author":"S Ohno","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ohno, S. et al. Observation of chemomechanical failure and the influence of cutoff potentials in all-solid-state Li\u2013S batteries. Chem. Mater. 31, 2930\u20132940 (2019).","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"48174_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202008723","volume":"33","author":"M Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, M. et al. Dense all-electrochem-active electrodes for all-solid-state lithium batteries. Adv. Mater. 33, 2008723 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-48174-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-48174-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-48174-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T09:02:54Z","timestamp":1714640574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-48174-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["48174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-48174-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3706"}}