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Understanding biting bias in a natural setting can help target interventions to interrupt transmission. In a 15-month cohort in western Kenya, we detected\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in indoor-resting\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    and human blood samples by qPCR and matched mosquito bloodmeals to cohort participants using short-tandem repeat genotyping. Using risk factor analyses and discrete choice models, we assessed mosquito biting behavior with respect to parasite transmission. Biting was highly unequal; 20% of people received 86% of bites. Biting rates were higher on males (biting rate ratio (BRR): 1.68; CI: 1.28\u20132.19), children 5\u201315 years (BRR: 1.49; CI: 1.13\u20131.98), and\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum-<\/jats:italic>\n                    infected individuals (BRR: 1.25; CI: 1.01\u20131.55). In aggregate,\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected school-age (5\u201315 years) boys accounted for 50% of bites potentially leading to onward transmission and had an entomological inoculation rate 6.4x higher than any other group. Additionally, infectious mosquitoes were nearly 3x more likely than non-infectious mosquitoes to bite\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected individuals (relative risk ratio 2.76, 95% CI 1.65\u20134.61). Thus, persistent\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    transmission was characterized by disproportionate onward transmission from school-age boys and by the preference of infected mosquitoes to feed upon infected people.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49080-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T15:01:48Z","timestamp":1717081308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans and mosquitoes influence natural Anopheline biting behavior and transmission"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5742-8847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine F.","family":"Markwalter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zena","family":"Lapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmah","family":"Kimachas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evans","family":"Omollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Freedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tabitha","family":"Chepkwony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Amunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1307-4757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith N.","family":"Mangeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6320-3575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Wesolowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Obala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2783-0990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve M.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9455-3965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy","family":"Prudhomme O\u2019Meara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"49080_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050042","volume":"5","author":"DL Smith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smith, D. 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