{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T14:55:58Z","timestamp":1777301758851,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Farmers from South Asian countries spray insecticides without protective gear, which leads to insecticide exposure through dermal and nasal routes. Acetylcholinesterase plays a crucial role in controlling neuromuscular function. Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase, which leads to severe neuronal\/cognitive dysfunction, breathing disorders, loss of endurance, and death. To address this issue, an Oxime-fabric is developed by covalently attaching silyl-pralidoxime to the cellulose of the fabric. The Oxime-fabric, when stitched as a bodysuit and facemask, efficiently deactivates insecticides (organophosphates and carbamates) upon contact, preventing exposure. The Oxime-fabric prevents insecticide-induced neuronal damage, neuro-muscular dysfunction, and loss of endurance. Furthermore, we observe a 100% survival rate in rats when repeatedly exposed to organophosphate-insecticide through the Oxime-fabric, while no survival is seen when organophosphate-insecticide applied directly or through normal fabric. The Oxime-fabric is washable and reusable for at least 50 cycles, providing an affordable solution to prevent insecticide-induced toxicity and lethality among farmers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49167-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T18:04:23Z","timestamp":1717697063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Oxime-functionalized anti-insecticide fabric reduces insecticide exposure through dermal and nasal routes, and prevents insecticide-induced neuromuscular-dysfunction and mortality"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6827-592X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahendra K.","family":"Mohan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8501-4855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ketan","family":"Thorat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1620-6049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theja Parassini","family":"Puthiyapurayil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1940-7188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omprakash","family":"Sunnapu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2475-7270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandeep","family":"Chandrashekharappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0229-7640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venkatesh","family":"Ravula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6902-381X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajamohammed","family":"Khader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5832-6770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aravind","family":"Sankaranarayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7774-8240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadi","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0279-4230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Praveen Kumar","family":"Vemula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"49167_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61202-1","volume":"371","author":"M Eddleston","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eddleston, M., Buckley, N. A., Eyer, P. & Dawson, A. H. Medical management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Lancet 371, 597\u2013607 (2008).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"49167_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.05.002","volume":"219","author":"EJ Mew","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mew, E. J. et al. The global burden of fatal self-poisoning with pesticides 2006-15: systematic review. J. Affect. Disord. 219, 93\u2013104 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"49167_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09939-0","volume":"20","author":"W Boedeker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boedeker, W., Watts, M., Clausing, P. & Marquez, E. The global distribution of acute unintentional pesticide poisoning: estimations based on a systematic review. BMC Public Health 20, 1875 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"49167_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901000108","volume":"100","author":"GB Koelle","year":"1954","unstructured":"Koelle, G. B. The histochemical localization of cholinesterases in the central nervous system of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 100, 211\u2013235 (1954).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"49167_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1959.tb13200.x","volume":"4","author":"MW Brightman","year":"1959","unstructured":"Brightman, M. W. & Albers, R. W. Species differences in the distribution of extraneuronal cholinesterases within the vertebrate central nervous system. J. Neurochem. 4, 244\u2013250 (1959).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"49167_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfr253","volume":"125","author":"HE Speed","year":"2012","unstructured":"Speed, H. E. et al. Delayed reduction of hippocampal synaptic transmission and spines following exposure to repeated subclinical doses of organophosphorus pesticide in adult mice. Toxicol. Sci. 125, 196\u2013208 (2012).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"49167_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.06.002","volume":"56","author":"E Campos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Campos, E., dos Santos Pinto da Silva, V., Sarpa Campos de Mello, M. & Barros Otero, U. Exposure to pesticides and mental disorders in a rural population of Southern Brazil. Neurotoxicology 56, 7\u201316 (2016).","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"49167_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics4010001","volume":"4","author":"CA Damalas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Damalas, C. A. & Koutroubas, S. D. Farmers\u2019 exposure to pesticides: toxicity types and ways of prevention. Toxics 4, 1 (2016).","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"49167_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1178630217750876","volume":"12","author":"E J\u00f8rs","year":"2018","unstructured":"J\u00f8rs, E., Neupane, D. & London, L. Pesticide poisonings in low- and middle-income countries. Environ. Health Insights 12, 1\u20133 (2018).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Insights"},{"key":"49167_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2005.11.3.221","volume":"11","author":"F Mancini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mancini, F., Van Bruggen, A. H., Jiggins, J. L., Ambatipudi, A. C. & Murphy, H. Acute pesticide poisoning among female and male cotton growers in India. Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health 11, 221\u2013232 (2005).","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"49167_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-009-0399-4","volume":"82","author":"JA Tomenson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tomenson, J. A. & Matthews, G. A. Causes and types of health effects during the use of crop protection chemicals: data from a survey of over 6,300 smallholder applicators in 24 different countries. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 82, 935\u2013949 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"49167_CR12","first-page":"767","volume":"4","author":"JL Burchfiel","year":"1982","unstructured":"Burchfiel, J. L. & Duffy, F. H. Organophosphate neurotoxicity: chronic effects of sarin on the electroencephalogram of monkey and man. Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol. 4, 767\u2013778 (1982).","journal-title":"Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"49167_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90356-T","volume":"338","author":"L Rosenstock","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rosenstock, L., Keifer, M., Daniell, W. E., McConnell, R. & Claypoole, K. Chronic central nervous system effects of acute organophosphate pesticide intoxication. The pesticide health effects study group. Lancet 338, 223\u2013227 (1991).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"49167_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2022.153407","volume":"484","author":"M Jokanovic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jokanovic, M., Oleksak, P. & Kuca, K. Multiple neurological effects associated with exposure to organophosphorus pesticides in man. Toxicology 484, 153407 (2023).","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"49167_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.09.019","volume":"85","author":"B Gonz\u00e1lez-Alzaga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Alzaga, B. et al. Pre- and postnatal exposures to pesticides and neurodevelopmental effects in children living in agricultural communities from South-Eastern Spain. Environ. Int. 85, 229\u2013237 (2015).","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"49167_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003185","volume":"119","author":"MF Bouchard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bouchard, M. F. et al. Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and IQ in 7-year-old children. Environ. Health Perspect. 119, 1189\u20131195 (2011).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"49167_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.029199","volume":"64","author":"FK Chang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chang, F. K., Chen, M. L., Cheng, S. F., Shih, T. S. & Mao, I. F. Field protection effectiveness of chemical protective suits and gloves evaluated by biomonitoring. Occup. Environ. Med. 64, 759\u2013762 (2007).","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"49167_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5278.58915","volume":"13","author":"B Singh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Singh, B. & Gupta, M. K. Pattern of use of personal protective equipments and measures during application of pesticides by agricultural workers in a rural area of Ahmednagar district, India. Indian J. Occup. Environ. Med. 13, 127\u2013130 (2009).","journal-title":"Indian J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"49167_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2013.07.004","volume":"4","author":"E MacFarlane","year":"2013","unstructured":"MacFarlane, E., Carey, R., Keegel, T., El-Zaemay, S. & Fritschi, L. Dermal exposure associated with occupational end use of pesticides and the role of protective measures. Saf. Health Work 4, 136\u2013141 (2013).","journal-title":"Saf. Health Work"},{"key":"49167_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_97106.x","volume":"97","author":"RP Chilcott","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chilcott, R. P. et al. Evaluation of a barrier cream against the chemical warfare agent VX using the domestic white pig. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 97, 35\u201338 (2005).","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"49167_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.008","volume":"23","author":"J Millerioux","year":"2009","unstructured":"Millerioux, J. et al. In vitro selection and efficacy of topical skin protectants against the nerve agent VX. Toxicol. In Vitro 23, 539\u2013545 (2009).","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"49167_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.03.002","volume":"267","author":"C Bignon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bignon, C., Amigoni, S., Devers, T. & Guittard, F. Barrier cream based on CeO2 nanoparticles grafted polymer as an active compound against the penetration of organophosphates. Chem. Biol. Interact. 267, 17\u201324 (2017).","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"49167_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.04.035","volume":"267","author":"A Salerno","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salerno, A. et al. In vitro skin decontamination of the organophosphorus pesticide paraoxon with nanometric cerium oxide CeO2. Chem. Biol. Interact. 267, 57\u201366 (2017).","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"49167_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2015.07.003","volume":"2","author":"A Zenerino","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zenerino, A. et al. New CeO2 nanoparticles-based topical formulations for the skin protection against organophosphates. Toxicol. Rep. 2, 1007\u20131013 (2015).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"49167_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaau1780","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau1780","volume":"4","author":"K Thorat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thorat, K. et al. Prevention of pesticide-induced neuronal dysfunction and mortality with nucleophilic poly-Oxime topical gel. Sci. Adv. 4, eaau1780 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"49167_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/17435390902788086","volume":"3","author":"M Auffan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Auffan, M. et al. CeO2 nanoparticles induce DNA damage towards human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Nanotoxicology 3, 161\u2013171 (2009).","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"49167_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2014.968889","volume":"9","author":"L Benameur","year":"2015","unstructured":"Benameur, L. et al. DNA damage and oxidative stress induced by CeO2 nanoparticles in human dermal fibroblasts: Evidence of a clastogenic effect as a mechanism of genotoxicity. Nanotoxicology 9, 696\u2013705 (2015).","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"49167_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2165\/00139709-200322030-00004","volume":"22","author":"P Eyer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eyer, P. The role of oximes in the management of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Toxicol. Rev. 22, 165\u2013190 (2003).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rev."},{"key":"49167_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2478\/v10102-009-0001-7","volume":"2","author":"W Aktar, Md","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aktar, Md, W., Sengupta, D. & Chowdhury, A. Impact of pesticide use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards. Interdiscip. Toxicol. 2, 1\u201312 (2009).","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Toxicol."},{"key":"49167_CR30","first-page":"150","volume":"12","author":"NP Agnihotri","year":"2000","unstructured":"Agnihotri, N. P. Pesticides consumption in agriculture in India \u2013 un update. Pestic. Res. J. 12, 150\u2013155 (2000).","journal-title":"Pestic. Res. J."},{"key":"49167_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6964","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00077a011","volume":"58","author":"YC Yang","year":"1993","unstructured":"Yang, Y. C., Szafraniec, L. L., Beaudry, W. T. & Bunton, C. A. Perhydrolysis of nerve agent VX. J. Org. Chem. 58, 6964\u20136965 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"49167_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1039\/cc9960000221","volume":"2","author":"J Toullec","year":"1996","unstructured":"Toullec, J. & Moukawim, M. Cetyltrimethylammonium hydroperoxide: an efficient reagent for promoting phosphate ester hydrolysis. Chem. Commun. 2, 221\u2013222 (1996).","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"49167_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1021\/jo034745+","volume":"69","author":"S Bhattacharya","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bhattacharya, S. & Kumar, V. P. Evidence of enhanced reactivity of DAAP nucleophiles toward dephosphorylation and deacylation reactions in cationic Gemini micellar media. J. Org. Chem. 69, 559\u2013562 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"49167_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1021\/la048858f","volume":"21","author":"S Bhattacharya","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bhattacharya, S. & Kumar, V. P. Ester cleavage properties of synthetic hydroxybenzotriazoles in cationic monovalent and gemini surfactant micelles. Langmuir 21, 71\u201378 (2005).","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"49167_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8634","DOI":"10.1021\/jo049539w","volume":"69","author":"VP Kumar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kumar, V. P., Ganguly, B. & Bhattacharya, S. Computational study on hydroxybenzotriazoles as reagents for ester hydrolysis. J. Org. Chem. 69, 8634\u20138642 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"49167_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2670(94)00428-O","volume":"302","author":"K Yamamoto","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yamamoto, K. Sensitive determination of quaternary ammonium salts by extraction-spectrophotometry of ion associates with bromophenol blue anion and coextraction. Anal. Chem. Acta 302, 75\u201379 (1995).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem. Acta"},{"key":"49167_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13429","volume":"72","author":"C Burel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burel, C., Direur, G., Rivas, C. & Purevdorj-Gage, L. Colorimetric detection of residual quaternary ammonium compounds on dry surfaces and prediction of antimicrobial activity using bromophenol blue. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 72, 358\u2013365 (2021).","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"49167_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.5414\/CP202589","volume":"54","author":"DC Nam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nam, D. C., Ha, Y. M., Park, M. K. & Cho, S. K. The rs662 polymorphism of paraoxonase 1 affects the difference in the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase activity by organophosphorus pesticides in human blood. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 54, 622\u2013627 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"49167_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.337","volume":"4","author":"F Worek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Worek, F., Eyer, P. & Thiermann, H. Determination of acetylcholinesterase activity by the Ellman assay: a versatile tool for in vitro research on medical countermeasures against organophosphate poisoning. Drug Test. Anal. 4, 282\u2013291 (2012).","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"49167_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000357","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000357","volume":"7","author":"AH Dawson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dawson, A. H. et al. Acute human lethal toxicity of agricultural pesticides: a prospective cohort study. PLOS Med. 7, e1000357 (2010).","journal-title":"PLOS Med."},{"key":"49167_CR41","unstructured":"World Health Organization. The WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification 2009, 1\u201360 (World Health Organization, 2010)."},{"key":"49167_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(94)90054-X","volume":"52","author":"JL Walker","year":"1994","unstructured":"Walker, J. L., Evans, J. M., Meade, P., Resig, P. & Sisken, B. F. Gait-stance duration as a measure of injury and recovery in the rat sciatic nerve model. J. Neurosci. Methods 52, 47\u201352 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"49167_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2006.11.016","volume":"161","author":"AF Baptista","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baptista, A. F. et al. A new approach to assess function after siatic nerve lesion in the mouse \u2013 adaptation of the sciatic static index. J. Neurosci. Methods 161, 259\u2013264 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"49167_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(82)90234-5","volume":"77","author":"L deMedinaceli","year":"1982","unstructured":"deMedinaceli, L., Freed, W. J. & Wyatt, R. J. An index of the functional condition of rat sciatic nerve based on measurements made from walking tracks. Exp. Neurol. 77, 634\u2013643 (1982).","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"49167_CR45","first-page":"1","volume":"68","author":"L Sarikcioglu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sarikcioglu, L., Demirel, B. M. & Utuk, A. Walking track analysis: an assessment method for functional recovery after sciatic nerve injury in the rat. Folia Morphol. 68, 1\u20137 (2009).","journal-title":"Folia Morphol."},{"key":"49167_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1080\/15287397709529633","volume":"3","author":"JM Spyker","year":"1977","unstructured":"Spyker, J. M. & Avery, D. L. Neurobehavioral effects of prenatal exposure to the organophosphate Diazinon in mice. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 3, 989\u20131002 (1977).","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health"},{"key":"49167_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(88)90026-8","volume":"10","author":"CR Stamper","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stamper, C. R., Balduini, W., Murphy, S. D. & Costa, L. G. Behavioral and biochemical effects of postnatal parathion exposure in the rat. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 10, 261\u2013266 (1998).","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"49167_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719301200406","volume":"12","author":"L Karalliedde","year":"1993","unstructured":"Karalliedde, L. & Henry, J. A. Effects of organophosphates on skeletal muscle. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 12, 289\u2013296 (1993).","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"49167_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.04.054","volume":"72","author":"WA Buttemer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Buttemer, W. A., Story, P. G., Fildes, K. J., Baudinette, R. V. & Astheimer, L. B. Fenitrothion, an organophosphate, affects running endurance but not aerobic capacity in fat-tailed dunnarts (Sminthopsis crassicaudata). Chemosphere 72, 1315\u20131320 (2008).","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"49167_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02256609","volume":"8","author":"H Zhu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhu, H., Rockhold, R. W., Baker, R. C., Kramer, R. E. & Ho, I. K. Effects of single or repeated dermal exposure to methyl parathion on behavior and blood cholinesterase activity in rats. J. Biomed. Sci. 8, 467\u2013474 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"49167_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(99)00041-7","volume":"107","author":"M Maroni","year":"1999","unstructured":"Maroni, M., Fait, A. & Colosio, C. Risk assessment and management of occupational exposure to pesticides. Toxicol. Lett. 107, 145\u2013153 (1999).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"49167_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.941021088","volume":"102","author":"TJ Woodruff","year":"1994","unstructured":"Woodruff, T. J., Kyle, A. D. & Bois, F. Y. Evaluating health risks from occupational exposure of pesticides and the regulatory response. Environ. Health Perspect. 102, 1088\u20131096 (1994).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"49167_CR53","first-page":"430","volume":"97","author":"M Maroni","year":"2006","unstructured":"Maroni, M., Fanetti, A. C. & Metruccio, F. Risk assessment and management of occupational exposure to pesticides in agriculture. Med. Lav. 97, 430\u2013437 (2006).","journal-title":"Med. Lav."},{"key":"49167_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(60)90019-3","volume":"2","author":"EF Edson","year":"1960","unstructured":"Edson, E. F. & Noakes, D. N. The comparative toxicity of six organophosphorus insecticides in the rat. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2, 523\u2013539 (1960).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"49167_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810290096612","volume":"21","author":"KC Dowling","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dowling, K. C. & Seiber, J. N. Importance of respiratory exposure to pesticides among agricultural populations. Int. J. Toxicol. 21, 371\u2013381 (2002).","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"49167_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1991.9937452","volume":"46","author":"SO Igbedioh","year":"1991","unstructured":"Igbedioh, S. O. Effects of agricultural pesticides on humans, animals and higher plants in developing countries. Arch. Environ. Health Int. J. 46, 218\u2013224 (1991).","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Health Int. J."},{"key":"49167_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-357","volume":"7","author":"D Gunnell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gunnell, D., Eddleston, M., Phillips, M. R. & Konradsen, F. The global distribution of fatal pesticides self-poisoning: Systematic review. BMC Public Health 7, 357 (2007).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"49167_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60606-0","volume":"379","author":"V Patel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patel, V. et al. Suicide mortality in India: a nationally representative survey. Lancet 379, 2343\u20132351 (2012).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"49167_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050147","volume":"5","author":"P Jayawardane","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jayawardane, P. et al. The spectrum of intermediate syndrome following acute organophosphate poisoning: a prospective cohort study from Sri Lanka. PLoS Med. 5, e147 (2008).","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"49167_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08.051920","volume":"87","author":"K Wickramasinghe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wickramasinghe, K. et al. Cost to government health-care services of treating acute self-poisonings in a rural district in Sri Lanka. Bull. World Health Organ. 87, 180\u2013185 (2009).","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"49167_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12991","volume":"22","author":"V Verma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Verma, V., Paul, S., Ghose, A., Eddleston, M. & Konradsen, F. Treatment of self-poisoning at a tertiary-level hospital in Bangladesh: cost to patients and government. Trop. Med. Int. Health 22, 1551\u20131560 (2017).","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"49167_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692616","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2019.1692616","volume":"12","author":"H Ahrensberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahrensberg, H. et al. Estimating the government health-care cost of treating pesticide poisoned and pesticide self-poisoned patients in Sri Lanka. Glob. Health Action. 12, 1692616 (2019).","journal-title":"Glob. Health Action."},{"key":"49167_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200204000-00016","volume":"44","author":"RJ Peiris-John","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peiris-John, R. J., Ruberu, D. K., Wickremasinghe, A. R., Smit, L. A. M. & van der Hoek, W. Effects of occupational exposure to organophosphate pesticides on nerve and neuromuscular function. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 44, 352\u2013357 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"49167_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199711)32:5<487::AID-AJIM8>3.0.CO;2-P","volume":"32","author":"N Fiedler","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fiedler, N., Kipen, H., Kelly-McNeil, K. & Fenske, R. Long-term use of organophosphates and neuropsychological performance. Am. J. Ind. Med. 32, 487\u2013496 (1997).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"49167_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6031(00)00385-3","volume":"357\u2013358","author":"DM Crawford","year":"2000","unstructured":"Crawford, D. M. & Escarsega, J. A. Dynamic mechanical analysis of novel polyurethane coating for military applications. Thermocim. Acta 357\u2013358, 161\u2013168 (2000).","journal-title":"Thermocim. Acta"},{"key":"49167_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8051402","volume":"8","author":"CA Damalas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Damalas, C. A. & Eleftherohorinos, I. G. Pesticide exposure, safety issues, and risk assessment indicators. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 8, 1402\u20131419 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"49167_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.01.057","volume":"123","author":"P Maestrelli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maestrelli, P., Boschetto, P., Fabbri, L. M. & Mapp, C. E. Mechanisms of occupational asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 123, 531\u2013544 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-49167-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-49167-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-49167-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T19:02:27Z","timestamp":1717700547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-49167-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["49167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-49167-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"P.K.V., K.T., and S.C. hold patents related to this technology: \u201cComposition, materials, and methods for deactivating toxic agents\u201d (Granted Indian patent: 201841006678 and granted Sri Lankan Patent # 20419). All compositions and methods of use described in this manuscript were covered in the patent applications. P.K.V., K.T., and S.C. are inventors of patents that were licensed to Sepio Health, a company that has licensed IP generated by P.K.V., K.T., and S.C., that may benefit financially if the IP is further validated. The interests of P.K.V. were reviewed and are subject to a management plan overseen by his institution in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. P.K.V. and O.S. are equity holders in Sepio Health. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4844"}}