{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T04:15:17Z","timestamp":1792901717155,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009111","name":"Institut Fran\u00e7ais de Recherche pour l&apos;Exploitation de la Mer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012947","name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Les Enveloppes Fluides et l\u2019Environnement"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tropical and extra-tropical storms generate extreme waves, impacting both nearby and remote regions through swell propagation. Despite their devastating effects in tropical areas, the contribution of tropical cyclones (TCs) to global wave-induced coastal risk remains unknown. Here, we enable a quantitative assessment of TC\u2019s role in extreme waves approaching global coastlines, by designing twin oceanic wave simulations with and without realistic TC wind forcing. We find that TCs substantially contribute to extreme breaking heights in tropical regions (35-50% on average), reaching 100% in high-density TC areas like the North Pacific. TCs also impact remote TC-free regions, such as the equatorial Pacific experiencing in average 30% of its extreme wave events due to TCs. Interannual variability amplifies TC-induced wave hazards, notably during El Ni\u00f1o in the Central Pacific, and La Ni\u00f1a in the South China Sea, Caribbean Arc, and South Indian Ocean coastlines. This research offers critical insights for global risk management and preparedness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50929-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T15:02:21Z","timestamp":1722697341000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Unveiling the global influence of tropical cyclones on extreme waves approaching coastal areas"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5389-0532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swen","family":"Jullien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9883-0082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Aucan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Kestenare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0044-036X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthieu","family":"Lengaigne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1457-9696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Menkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"50929_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1527-6988(2008)9:1(29)","volume":"9","author":"RA Pielke Jr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pielke, R. A. Jr et al. Normalized hurricane damage in the United States: 1900\u20132005. Nat. Hazards Rev. 9, 29\u201342 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Rev."},{"key":"50929_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1002\/2014RG000477","volume":"53","author":"HF Needham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Needham, H. F., Keim, B. D. & Sathiaraj, D. A review of tropical cyclone-generated storm surges: Global data sources, observations, and impacts. Rev. Geophys. 53, 545\u2013591 (2015).","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"50929_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12855","volume":"504","author":"JD Woodruff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Woodruff, J. D., Irish, J. L. & Camargo, S. J. Coastal flooding by tropical cyclones and sea-level rise. Nature 504, 44\u201352 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"50929_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2801","volume":"5","author":"CM Little","year":"2015","unstructured":"Little, C. M. Joint projections of US East Coast sea level and storm surge. Nat. Clim. Change 5, 1114\u20131120 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"50929_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7203","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-15-0129.1","volume":"28","author":"TR Knutson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Knutson, T. R. et al. Global projections of intense tropical cyclone activity for the late twenty-first century from dynamical downscaling of CMIP5\/RCP4. 5 scenarios. J. Clim. 28, 7203\u20137224 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"50929_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GL071681","volume":"44","author":"B Timmermans","year":"2017","unstructured":"Timmermans, B., Stone, D., Wehner, M. & Krishnan, H. Impact of tropical cyclones on modeled extreme wind\u2010wave climate. Geophys. Res. Lett. 44, 1393\u20131401 (2017).","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"50929_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.1175\/2011JCLI4208.1","volume":"25","author":"BA Schenkel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schenkel, B. A. & Hart, R. E. An examination of tropical cyclone position, intensity, and intensity life cycle within atmospheric reanalysis datasets. J. Clim. 25, 3453\u20133475 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"50929_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1002\/2014GL059519","volume":"41","author":"H Murakami","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murakami, H. Tropical cyclones in reanalysis data sets. Geophys. Res. Lett. 41, 2133\u20132141 (2014).","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"50929_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5243","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-16-0557.1","volume":"30","author":"K Hodges","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hodges, K., Cobb, A. & Vidale, P. L. How well are tropical cyclones represented in reanalysis datasets? J. Clim. 30, 5243\u20135264 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"50929_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2013.10.007","volume":"73","author":"NC Jourdain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jourdain, N. C. et al. Tropical cyclones in two atmospheric (re) analyses and their response in two oceanic reanalyses. Ocean Model. 73, 108\u2013122 (2014).","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"50929_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1410","volume":"2","author":"P Peduzzi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peduzzi, P. et al. Global trends in tropical cyclone risk. Nat. Clim. change 2, 289\u2013294 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. change"},{"key":"50929_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11969","volume":"7","author":"S Muis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Muis, S., Verlaan, M., Winsemius, H. C., Aerts, J. C. & Ward, P. J. A global reanalysis of storm surges and extreme sea levels. Nat. Commun. 7, 11969 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"50929_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40157-w","volume":"9","author":"S Muis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muis, S. et al. Spatiotemporal patterns of extreme sea levels along the western North-Atlantic coasts. Sci. Rep. 9, 3391 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"50929_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1007\/s10712-019-09557-5","volume":"40","author":"G Dodet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dodet, G. et al. The contribution of wind-generated waves to coastal sea-level changes. Surv. Geophys. 40, 1563\u20131601 (2019).","journal-title":"Surv. Geophys."},{"key":"50929_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-016-3019-5","volume":"47","author":"MI Vousdoukas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vousdoukas, M. I., Voukouvalas, E., Annunziato, A., Giardino, A. & Feyen, L. Projections of extreme storm surge levels along Europe. Clim. Dyn. 47, 3171\u20133190 (2016).","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"50929_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04692-w","volume":"9","author":"MI Vousdoukas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vousdoukas, M. I. et al. Global probabilistic projections of extreme sea levels show intensification of coastal flood hazard. Nat. Commun. 9, 2360 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"50929_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05090-w","volume":"7","author":"A Rueda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rueda, A. et al. A global classification of coastal flood hazard climates associated with large-scale oceanographic forcing. Sci. Rep. 7, 5038 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"50929_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GL071020","volume":"44","author":"KA Serafin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Serafin, K. A., Ruggiero, P. & Stockdon, H. F. The relative contribution of waves, tides, and nontidal residuals to extreme total water levels on US West Coast sandy beaches. Geophys. Res. Lett. 44, 1839\u20131847 (2017).","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"50929_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-018-0088-y","volume":"8","author":"A Melet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Melet, A., Meyssignac, B., Almar, R. & Le Cozannet, G. Under-estimated wave contribution to coastal sea-level rise. Nat. Clim. Change 8, 234\u2013239 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"50929_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GL072488","volume":"44","author":"L Mentaschi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mentaschi, L., Vousdoukas, M. I., Voukouvalas, E., Dosio, A. & Feyen, L. Global changes of extreme coastal wave energy fluxes triggered by intensified teleconnection patterns. Geophys. Res. Lett. 44, 2416\u20132426 (2017).","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"50929_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4356","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL082599","volume":"46","author":"M Marcos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marcos, M. et al. Increased extreme coastal water levels due to the combined action of storm surges and wind waves. Geophys. Res. Lett. 46, 4356\u20134364 (2019).","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"50929_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pedreros, R., et al. Relative contribution of wave setup to the storm surge: observations and modeling based analysis in open and protected environments (Truc Vert beach and Tubuai island). J. Coastal Res. 85, 1046\u20131050 (2018).","DOI":"10.2112\/SI85-210.1"},{"key":"50929_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.2112\/SI95-281.1","volume":"95","author":"S Jullien","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jullien, S., Aucan, J., Lef\u00e8vre, J., Peltier, A. & Menkes, C. E. Tropical cyclone induced wave setup around New Caledonia during Cyclone COOK (2017). J. Coast. Res. 95, 1454\u20131459 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"50929_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2013.06.006","volume":"108","author":"RK Hoeke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoeke, R. K. et al. Widespread inundation of Pacific islands triggered by distant-source wind-waves. Glob. Planet. Change 108, 128\u2013138 (2013).","journal-title":"Glob. Planet. Change"},{"key":"50929_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-018-3183-5","volume":"91","author":"M Ford","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ford, M., Merrifield, M. A. & Becker, J. M. Inundation of a low-lying urban atoll island: Majuro, Marshall Islands. Nat. Hazards 91, 1273\u20131297 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"50929_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539646","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.539646","volume":"7","author":"RK Hoeke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoeke, R. K., Damlamian, H., Aucan, J. & Wandres, M. Severe flooding in the atoll nations of Tuvalu and Kiribati triggered by a distant Tropical Cyclone Pam. Front. Mar. Sci. 7, 539646 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"50929_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"071001","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7620\/ab2ec6","volume":"1","author":"R Almar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Almar, R., Kestenare, E. & Boucharel, J. On the key influence of remote climate variability from Tropical Cyclones, North and South Atlantic mid-latitude storms on the Senegalese coast (West Africa). Environ. Res. Commun. 1, 071001 (2019).","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Commun."},{"key":"50929_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-011-1126-x","volume":"38","author":"CE Menkes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Menkes, C. E. et al. Comparison of tropical cyclogenesis indices on seasonal to interannual timescales. Clim. Dyn. 38, 301\u2013321 (2012).","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"50929_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hemer, M. A. Historical trends in Southern Ocean storminess: Long\u2010term variability of extreme wave heights at Cape Sorell, Tasmania. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18601 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2010GL044595 (2010).","DOI":"10.1029\/2010GL044595"},{"key":"50929_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCloskey, T. A., Bianchette, T. A., & Liu, K. B. Track patterns of landfalling and coastal tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin, their relationship with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the potential effect of global warming. Am. J. Clim. Change 2, 12\u201322 (2013).","DOI":"10.4236\/ajcc.2013.23A002"},{"key":"50929_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2009.10.010","volume":"31","author":"G Dodet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dodet, G., Bertin, X. & Taborda, R. Wave climate variability in the North-East Atlantic Ocean over the last six decades. Ocean Model. 31, 120\u2013131 (2010).","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"50929_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2019.03.004","volume":"175","author":"Y Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin, Y., Oey, L. Y. & Orfila, A. Two \u2018faces\u2019 of ENSO-induced surface waves during the tropical cyclone season. Prog. Oceanogr. 175, 40\u201354 (2019).","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"50929_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2014.10.002","volume":"123","author":"SA Stephens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stephens, S. A. & Ramsay, D. L. Extreme cyclone wave climate in the Southwest Pacific Ocean: Influence of the El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation and projected climate change. Glob. Planet. Change 123, 13\u201326 (2014).","journal-title":"Glob. Planet. Change"},{"key":"50929_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2115599118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2115599118","volume":"118","author":"J Boucharel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boucharel, J., Almar, R., Kestenare, E. & Jin, F. F. On the influence of ENSO complexity on Pan-Pacific coastal wave extremes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 118, e2115599118 (2021).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"key":"50929_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112062000099","volume":"12","author":"GB Whitham","year":"1962","unstructured":"Whitham, G. B. Mass, momentum and energy flux in water waves. J. Fluid Mech. 12, 135\u2013147 (1962).","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"50929_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-009-0716-3","volume":"36","author":"EM Vincent","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vincent, E. M. et al. Interannual variability of the South Pacific Convergence Zone and implications for tropical cyclone genesis. Clim. Dyn. 36, 1881\u20131896 (2011).","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"50929_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2020JC016464","DOI":"10.1029\/2020JC016464","volume":"125","author":"I Od\u00e9riz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Od\u00e9riz, I., Silva, R., Mortlock, T. R. & Mori, N. El Ni\u00f1o\u2010Southern oscillation impacts on global wave climate and potential coastal hazards. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 125, e2020JC016464 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Oceans"},{"key":"50929_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111751","volume":"162","author":"C Dutheil","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dutheil, C. et al. The wave regimes of the Central Pacific Ocean with a focus on pearl farming atolls. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 162, 111751 (2021).","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"50929_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2018.07.007","volume":"129","author":"AG Marshall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marshall, A. G., Hemer, M. A., Hendon, H. H. & McInnes, K. L. Southern annular mode impacts on global ocean surface waves. Ocean Model. 129, 58\u201374 (2018).","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"50929_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dynatmoce.2016.08.006","volume":"77","author":"JW Choi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Choi, J. W. & Cha, Y. Possible relationship between NAO and tropical cyclone genesis frequency in the western North Pacific. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 77, 64\u201373 (2017).","journal-title":"Dyn. Atmos. Oceans"},{"key":"50929_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2982120","volume":"61","author":"DT Resio","year":"2008","unstructured":"Resio, D. T. & Westerink, J. J. Modeling the physics of storm surges. Phys. Today 61, 33\u201338 (2008).","journal-title":"Phys. Today"},{"key":"50929_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2021JC017220","DOI":"10.1029\/2021JC017220","volume":"126","author":"E Le Merle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Le Merle, E. et al. Directional and frequency spread of surface ocean waves from SWIM measurements. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 126, e2021JC017220 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Oceans"},{"key":"50929_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2022JC019074","DOI":"10.1029\/2022JC019074","volume":"128","author":"E Le Merle","year":"2023","unstructured":"Le Merle, E., Hauser, D. & Yang, C. Wave field properties in tropical cyclones from the spectral observation of the CFOSAT\/SWIM spaceborne instrument. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 128, e2022JC019074 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Oceans"},{"key":"50929_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR3106.1","volume":"134","author":"HE Willoughby","year":"2006","unstructured":"Willoughby, H. E., Darling, R. W. R. & Rahn, M. E. Parametric representation of the primary hurricane vortex. Part II: A new family of sectionally continuous profiles. Monthly Weather Rev. 134, 1102\u20131120 (2006).","journal-title":"Monthly Weather Rev."},{"key":"50929_CR45","first-page":"3651","volume":"78","author":"L Vinour","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vinour, L., Jullien, S., Mouche, A., Combot, C. & Mangeas, M. Observations of tropical cyclone inner-core fine-scale structure, and its link to intensity variations. J. Atmos. Sci. 78, 3651\u20133671 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"50929_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse6040116","volume":"6","author":"X Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, X., Ginis, I. & Hara, T. Sensitivity of offshore tropical cyclone wave simulations to spatial resolution in wave models. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 6, 116 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Mar. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"50929_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-016-3390-2","volume":"49","author":"T Shimura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shimura, T., Mori, N. & Hemer, M. A. Projection of tropical cyclone-generated extreme wave climate based on CMIP5 multi-model ensemble in the Western North Pacific. Clim. Dyn. 49, 1449\u20131462 (2017).","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"50929_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61570-6","volume":"10","author":"C Dutheil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dutheil, C. et al. Impact of projected sea surface temperature biases on tropical cyclones projections in the South Pacific. Sci. Rep. 10, 4838 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"50929_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabm8438","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abm8438","volume":"8","author":"N Bloemendaal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bloemendaal, N. et al. A globally consistent local-scale assessment of future tropical cyclone risk. Sci. Adv. 8, eabm8438 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"50929_CR50","unstructured":"The WAVEWATCH III Development Group (WW3DG). User manual and system documentation of WAVEWATCH III version 6.07. Tech. Note 333, NOAA\/NWS\/NCEP\/MMAB, College Park, MD, USA, (2019)."},{"key":"50929_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WAMDIG. The WAM model\u2014A third generation ocean wave prediction model. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 18, 1775\u20131810 (1988)","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1988)018<1775:TWMTGO>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"50929_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2014.02.006","volume":"77","author":"F Ardhuin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ardhuin, F., Rawat, A. & Aucan, J. A numerical model for free infragravity waves: Definition and validation at regional and global scales. Ocean Model. 77, 20\u201332 (2014).","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"50929_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S1463-5003(02)00004-5","volume":"4","author":"HL Tolman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tolman, H. L. Alleviating the garden sprinkler effect in wind wave models. Ocean Model. 4, 269\u2013289 (2002).","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"50929_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1985)015<1378:CAPOTN>2.0.CO;2","volume":"15","author":"S Hasselmann","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hasselmann, S., Hasselmann, K., Allender, J. H. & Barnett, T. P. Computations and parameterizations of the nonlinear energy transfer in a gravity-wave specturm. Part II: Parameterizations of the nonlinear energy transfer for application in wave models. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 15, 1378\u20131391 (1985).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"50929_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S1463-5003(02)00040-9","volume":"5","author":"HL Tolman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tolman, H. L. Treatment of unresolved islands and ice in wind wave models. Ocean Model. 5, 219\u2013231 (2003).","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"50929_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2008.01.003","volume":"22","author":"A Chawla","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chawla, A. & Tolman, H. L. Obstruction grids for spectral wave models. Ocean Model. 22, 12\u201325 (2008).","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"50929_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C00J20","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JC007832","volume":"117","author":"F Ardhuin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ardhuin, F. & Roland, A. Coastal wave reflection, directional spread, and seismoacoustic noise sources. J. Geophys. Res. 117, C00J20 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"50929_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(2003)033<1921:STATCS>2.0.CO;2","volume":"33","author":"F Ardhuin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ardhuin, F., O\u2019reilly, W. C., Herbers, T. H. C. & Jessen, P. F.Swell transformation across the continental shelf. Part I: Attenuation and directional broadening. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 33, 1921\u20131939 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"50929_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Battjes, J. A., & Janssen, J. P. F. M. Energy loss and set-up due to breaking of random waves. In Coastal engineering (pp. 569\u2013587) (ASCE, 1978).","DOI":"10.1061\/9780872621909.034"},{"key":"50929_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1175\/2010JPO4324.1","volume":"40","author":"F Ardhuin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ardhuin, F. et al. Semiempirical dissipation source functions for ocean waves. Part I: Definition, calibration, and validation. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 40, 1917\u20131941 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"50929_CR61","unstructured":"Saha, S., et al. NCEP climate forecast system reanalysis (CFSR) monthly products, January 1979 to December 2010 (NCEP, 2010)."},{"key":"50929_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-019-05044-0","volume":"54","author":"JC Dullaart","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dullaart, J. C., Muis, S., Bloemendaal, N. & Aerts, J. C. Advancing global storm surge modelling using the new ERA5 climate reanalysis. Clim. Dyn. 54, 1007\u20131021 (2020).","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"50929_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vincent, E. M. et al. Processes setting the characteristics of sea surface cooling induced by tropical cyclones. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 117, C02020 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2011JC007396 (2012).","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JC007396"},{"key":"50929_CR64","unstructured":"Aucan, J., et al. On the contribution of waves to total coastal water level changes in the context of sea level rise: a response to Melet, et al.(2018). Clim. Change, 9, 1 (2019)."},{"key":"50929_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-018-0377-5","volume":"9","author":"J Aucan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aucan, J. et al. Waves do not contribute to global sea-level rise. Nat. Clim. Change 9, 2\u20132 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"50929_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-018-0378-4","volume":"9","author":"A Melet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Melet, A., Meyssignac, B., Almar, R. & Le Cozannet, G. Reply to \u2018Waves do not contribute to global sea-level rise\u2019. Nat. Clim. Change 9, 3\u20133 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"50929_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5468","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JC014871","volume":"124","author":"JG O\u2019Grady","year":"2019","unstructured":"O\u2019Grady, J. G. et al. Extreme water levels for Australian beaches using empirical equations for shoreline wave setup. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 124, 5468\u20135484 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Oceans"},{"key":"50929_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21803","DOI":"10.1029\/94JB00988","volume":"99","author":"WH Smith","year":"1994","unstructured":"Smith, W. H. & Sandwell, D. T. Bathymetric prediction from dense satellite altimetry and sparse shipboard bathymetry. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 99, 21803\u201321824 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth"},{"key":"50929_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Svendsen, I. A. Introduction to nearshore hydrodynamics, vol. 24. (World Scientific Publishing Company, 2005).","DOI":"10.1142\/5740"},{"key":"50929_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1175\/2010JCLI3559.1","volume":"24","author":"NC Jourdain","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jourdain, N. C. et al. Mesoscale Simulation of Tropical Cyclones in the South Pacific: Climatology and Interannual Variability. J. Clim. 24, 3\u201325 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"50929_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-014-2096-6","volume":"43","author":"S Jullien","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jullien, S. et al. Ocean feedback to tropical cyclones: climatology and processes. Clim. Dyn. 43, 2831\u20132854 (2014).","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"50929_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-12-1929-2020","volume":"12","author":"G Dodet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dodet, G. et al. The Sea State CCI dataset v1: towards a sea state climate data record based on satellite observations. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 12, 1929\u20131951 (2020).","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"key":"50929_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1029\/2018GL081029","volume":"46","author":"Y Quilfen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Quilfen, Y. & Chapron, B. Ocean surface wave-current signatures from satellite altimeter measurements. Geophys. Res. Lett. 46, 253\u2013261 (2019).","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-50929-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-50929-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-50929-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T16:05:33Z","timestamp":1722701133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-50929-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["50929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-50929-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6593"}}