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Here, we present the high-resolution structure of an entry-related chlamydial effector protein, SemD. Co-crystallisation of SemD with its host binding partners demonstrates that SemD co-opts the Cdc42 binding site to activate the actin cytoskeleton regulator N-WASP, making active, GTP-bound Cdc42 superfluous. While SemD binds N-WASP much more strongly than Cdc42 does, it does not bind the Cdc42 effector protein FMNL2, indicating effector protein specificity. Furthermore, by identifying flexible and structured domains, we show that SemD can simultaneously interact with the membrane, the endocytic protein SNX9, and N-WASP. Here, we show at the structural level how a single effector protein can hijack central components of the host\u2019s endocytic system for efficient internalization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51681-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T12:02:31Z","timestamp":1724500951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Chlamydia pneumoniae effector SemD exploits its host\u2019s endocytic machinery by structural and functional mimicry"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2527-8874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabienne","family":"Kocher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Violetta","family":"Applegate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5969-4471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Reiners","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Port","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Spona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"H\u00e4nsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3340-586X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amin","family":"Mirzaiebadizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Ahmadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0780-9251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sander H. 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