{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:41:35Z","timestamp":1792597295138,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Meningiomas are associated with inactivation of\n                    <jats:italic>NF2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/Merlin, but approximately one-third of meningiomas with favorable clinical outcomes retain Merlin expression. Biochemical mechanisms underlying Merlin-intact meningioma growth are incompletely understood, and non-invasive biomarkers that may be used to guide treatment de-escalation or imaging surveillance are lacking. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing, proximity-labeling proteomic mass spectrometry, mechanistic and functional approaches, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) across meningioma xenografts and patients to define biochemical mechanisms and an imaging biomarker that underlie Merlin-intact meningiomas. We find Merlin serine 13 (S13) dephosphorylation drives meningioma Wnt signaling and tumor growth by attenuating inhibitory interactions with \u03b2-catenin and activating the Wnt pathway. MRI analyses show Merlin-intact meningiomas with S13 phosphorylation and favorable clinical outcomes are associated with high apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). These results define mechanisms underlying a potential imaging biomarker that could be used to guide treatment de-escalation or imaging surveillance for patients with Merlin-intact meningiomas.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52284-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T11:02:47Z","timestamp":1725879767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["MerlinS13 phosphorylation regulates meningioma Wnt signaling and magnetic resonance imaging features"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Charlotte D.","family":"Eaton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauro","family":"Avalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1042-0191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. John","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Zakimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9281-4073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Casey-Clyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1789-762X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Bisignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8347-9592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calixto-Hope G.","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8312-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abrar","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9633-1100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harish N.","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Magill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob S.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4902-337X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nevan J.","family":"Krogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier E.","family":"Villanueva-Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6119-6084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle L.","family":"Swaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9299-8864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Raleigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"52284_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"v1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noac202","volume":"24","author":"QT Ostrom","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ostrom, Q. T. et al. CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2015\u20132019. Neuro-Oncology 24, v1\u2013v95 (2022).","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"52284_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab150","volume":"23","author":"R Goldbrunner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goldbrunner, R. et al. EANO guideline on the diagnosis and management of meningiomas. Neuro-Oncology 23, 1821\u20131834 (2021).","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"52284_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6458","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2516","volume":"8","author":"D Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin, D. et al. Trends in intracranial meningioma incidence in the United States, 2004\u20132015. Cancer Med. 8, 6458\u20136467 (2019).","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"52284_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i18","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noy136","volume":"21","author":"PK Brastianos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brastianos, P. K. et al. Advances in multidisciplinary therapy for meningiomas. Neuro-Oncology. 21, i18\u2013i31 (2019).","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology."},{"key":"52284_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sahm, F. et al. DNA methylation-based classification and grading system for meningioma: a multicentre, retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1470-2045(17)30155-9 (2017).","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(17)30155-9"},{"key":"52284_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1678-x","volume":"133","author":"A Olar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Olar, A. et al. Global epigenetic profiling identifies methylation subgroups associated with recurrence-free survival in meningioma. Acta Neuropathol. 133, 431\u2013444 (2017).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"52284_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01061-8","volume":"54","author":"A Choudhury","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choudhury, A. et al. Meningioma DNA methylation groups identify biological drivers and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Nat. Genet. 54, 649\u2013659 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"52284_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21715","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1912858116","volume":"116","author":"AJ Patel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patel, A. J. et al. Molecular profiling predicts meningioma recurrence and reveals loss of DREAM complex repression in aggressive tumors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 116, 21715\u201321726 (2019).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"52284_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Driver, J. et al. A molecularly integrated grade for meningioma. Neuro-Oncology https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noab213 (2021).","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab213"},{"key":"52284_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maas, S. L. N. et al. Integrated molecular-morphologic meningioma classification: a multicenter retrospective analysis, retrospectively and prospectively validated. J. Clin. Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.21.00784 (2021).","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.21.00784"},{"key":"52284_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03850-3","volume":"597","author":"F Nassiri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nassiri, F. et al. A clinically applicable integrative molecular classification of meningiomas. Nature 597, 119\u2013125 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"52284_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Choudhury, A. et al. Hypermitotic meningiomas harbor DNA methylation subgroups with distinct biological and clinical features. Neuro-Oncology https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noac224 (2022).","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noac224"},{"key":"52284_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, W. C. et al. Targeted gene expression profiling predicts meningioma outcomes and radiotherapy responses. Nat. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-023-02586-z (2023).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02586-z"},{"key":"52284_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab132","volume":"24","author":"J Sheehan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sheehan, J. et al. An international multicenter matched cohort analysis of incidental meningioma progression during active surveillance or after stereotactic radiosurgery: the IMPASSE study. Neuro-Oncology 24, 116\u2013124 (2021).","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"52284_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","volume":"23","author":"DN Louis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Louis, D. N. et al. The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Neuro-Oncology 23, 1231\u20131251 (2021).","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"52284_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-4-16","volume":"4","author":"DGR Evans","year":"2009","unstructured":"Evans, D. G. R. Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2): a clinical and molecular review. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 4, 16\u201311 (2009).","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"52284_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02008-w","volume":"138","author":"N Paramasivam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paramasivam, N. et al. Mutational patterns and regulatory networks in epigenetic subgroups of meningioma. Acta Neuropathol. 138, 295\u2013308 (2019).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"52284_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.8.JNS191266","volume":"133","author":"MW Youngblood","year":"2019","unstructured":"Youngblood, M. W. et al. Correlations between genomic subgroup and clinical features in a cohort of more than 3000 meningiomas. J. Neurosurg. 133, 1345\u20131354 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"52284_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2100440","volume":"385","author":"M Peyre","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peyre, M. et al. Somatic PIK3CA mutations in sporadic cerebral cavernous malformations. N. Engl. J. Med. 385, 996 (2021).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"52284_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-020-00994-7","volume":"8","author":"S Findakly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Findakly, S. et al. Meningioma cells express primary cilia but do not transduce ciliary Hedgehog signals. Acta Neuropathol. Commun. 8, 114\u2013117 (2020).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"52284_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdac162","volume":"4","author":"MP Nguyen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nguyen, M. P. et al. A case (report) for mechanistic validation of meningioma molecular therapies. Neuro-Oncol. Adv. 4, vdac162 (2022).","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol. Adv."},{"key":"52284_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.82.5.0864","volume":"82","author":"JC Tsai","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tsai, J. C., Goldman, C. K. & Gillespie, G. Y. Vascular endothelial growth factor in human glioma cell lines: induced secretion by EGF, PDGF-BB, and bFGF. J. Neurosurg. 82, 864\u2013873 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"52284_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, W. H. Characterization of a newly established malignant meningioma cell line of the human brain: IOMM-Lee. Neurosurgery 27, 389\u2013396 (1990).","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199009000-00008"},{"key":"52284_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.03.013","volume":"22","author":"HN Vasudevan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vasudevan, H. N. et al. Comprehensive molecular profiling identifies FOXM1 as a key transcription factor for meningioma proliferation. Cell Rep. 22, 3672\u20133683 (2018).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"52284_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3651","volume":"48","author":"VE Clark","year":"2016","unstructured":"Clark, V. E. et al. Recurrent somatic mutations in POLR2A define a distinct subset of meningiomas. Nat. Genet. 48, 1253\u20131259 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"52284_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2012.150","volume":"31","author":"T Valenta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Valenta, T., Hausmann, G. & Basler, K. The many faces and functions of \u03b2\u2010catenin. EMBO J. 31, 2714\u20132736 (2012).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"52284_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601607","volume":"26","author":"W Luo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Luo, W. et al. Protein phosphatase 1 regulates assembly and function of the \u03b2\u2010catenin degradation complex. EMBO J. 26, 1511\u20131521 (2007).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"52284_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18582-7","volume":"11","author":"ST Magill","year":"2020","unstructured":"Magill, S. T. et al. Multiplatform genomic profiling and magnetic resonance imaging identify mechanisms underlying intratumor heterogeneity in meningioma. Nat. Commun. 11, 1\u201315 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"52284_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.06.044","volume":"154","author":"LA Gilbert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gilbert, L. A. et al. CRISPR-mediated modular RNA-guided regulation of transcription in eukaryotes. Cell 154, 442\u2013451 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"52284_CR30","first-page":"475","volume":"20","author":"G Hung","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hung, G. et al. Establishment and characterization of a schwannoma cell line from a patient with neurofibromatosis 2. Int. J. Oncol. 20, 475\u2013482 (2002).","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"52284_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.03.022","volume":"169","author":"BT Lobingier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lobingier, B. T. et al. An approach to spatiotemporally resolve protein interaction networks in living cells. Cell 169, 350\u2013360.e12 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"52284_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.12.012","volume":"111","author":"A Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu, A. et al. Presenting symptoms and prognostic factors for symptomatic outcomes following resection of meningioma. World Neurosurg. 111, e149\u2013e159 (2018).","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"52284_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0996","volume":"29","author":"VA Nagar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nagar, V. A. et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging: diagnosing atypical or malignant meningiomas and detecting tumor dedifferentiation. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 29, 1147\u20131152 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"52284_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.11.013","volume":"48","author":"AT Hale","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hale, A. T., Wang, L., Strother, M. K. & Chambless, L. B. Differentiating meningioma grade by imaging features on magnetic resonance imaging. J. Clin. Neurosci. 48, 71\u201375 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"52284_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2019.05.002","volume":"47","author":"S Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, S. et al. Grading meningiomas utilizing multiparametric MRI with inclusion of susceptibility-weighted imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping. J. Neuroradiol. 47, 272\u2013277 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"52284_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199101000-00005","volume":"15","author":"P Demaerel","year":"1991","unstructured":"Demaerel, P. et al. Intracranial meningiomas. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 15, 45\u201351 (1991).","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr."},{"key":"52284_CR37","first-page":"955","volume":"33","author":"A Mahmood","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mahmood, A., Caccamo, D. V., Tomecek, F. J. & Malik, G. M. Atypical and malignant meningiomas: a clinicopathological review. Neurosurgery 33, 955\u2013963 (1993).","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"52284_CR38","unstructured":"Verheggen, R., Finkenstaedt, M., Bockermann, V. & Markakis, E. Modern Neurosurgery of meningiomas and Pituitary Adenomas. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement, Vol. 65, (Springer, 1996)."},{"key":"52284_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2015.11.004","volume":"27","author":"B Tamrazi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tamrazi, B., Shiroishi, M. S. & Liu, C.-S. J. Advanced imaging of intracranial meningiomas. Neurosurg. Clin. 27, 137\u2013143 (2016).","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Clin."},{"key":"52284_CR40","volume":"1","author":"O Morin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morin, O. et al. Integrated models incorporating radiologic and radiomic features predict meningioma grade, local failure, and overall survival. Neurooncol. Adv. 1, vdz011 (2019).","journal-title":"Neurooncol. Adv."},{"key":"52284_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noy137","volume":"21","author":"RY Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang, R. Y. et al. Proposed response assessment and endpoints for meningioma clinical trials: report from the response assessment in Neuro-Oncology Working Group. Neuro-Oncology 21, 26\u201336 (2019).","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"52284_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00762-6","volume":"7","author":"J Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, J. et al. Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signalling: function, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 7, 3 (2022).","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"52284_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.19603","volume":"13","author":"M Lv","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lv, M. et al. Angiomotin family members: oncogenes or tumor suppressors? Int. J. Biol. Sci. 13, 772\u2013781 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"52284_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2018.05.009","volume":"11","author":"J Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park, J. et al. DSG2 Is a functional cell surface marker for identification and isolation of human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Rep. 11, 115\u2013127 (2018).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"52284_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.45542","volume":"8","author":"C Cho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cho, C., Wang, Y., Smallwood, P. M., Williams, J. & Nathans, J. Dlg1 activates beta-catenin signaling to regulate retinal angiogenesis and the blood-retina and blood-brain barriers. Elife 8, e45542 (2019).","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"52284_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2016.54","volume":"23","author":"M Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim, M. et al. Merlin inhibits Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling by blocking LRP6 phosphorylation. Cell Death Differ. 23, 1638\u20131647 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"52284_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.111060","volume":"13","author":"L Zhou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhou, L. et al. merlin-deficient human tumors show loss of contact inhibition and activation of Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling linked to the PDGFR\/Src and Rac\/PAK pathways. Neoplasia 13, 1101\u2013IN2 (2011).","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"52284_CR48","first-page":"137","volume":"14","author":"M Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma, M. et al. Phosphorylation of NF2 at Serine-13 by MAP4K family kinases mediates pathological angiogenesis. Protein Cell 14, 137\u2013142 (2022).","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"52284_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.69","volume":"25","author":"Y Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Angiomotin binding-induced activation of Merlin\/NF2 in the Hippo pathway. Cell Res. 25, 801\u2013817 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"52284_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbplus.2021.100074","volume":"12","author":"MC Primi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Primi, M. C., Rangarajan, E. S., Patil, D. N. & Izard, T. Conformational flexibility determines the Nf2\/merlin tumor suppressor functions. Matrix Biol. 12, 100074 (2021).","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"52284_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaau8749","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aau8749","volume":"12","author":"RF Hennigan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hennigan, R. F., Fletcher, J. S., Guard, S. & Ratner, N. Proximity biotinylation identifies a set of conformation-specific interactions between Merlin and cell junction proteins. Sci. Signal. 12, eaau8749 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"52284_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2012.03.008","volume":"22","author":"I Sher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sher, I., Hanemann, C. O., Karplus, P. A. & Bretscher, A. The tumor suppressor merlin controls growth in its open state, and phosphorylation converts it to a less-active more-closed state. Dev. Cell 22, 703\u2013705 (2012).","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"52284_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03648-4","volume":"9","author":"K Chinthalapudi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chinthalapudi, K. et al. Lipid binding promotes the open conformation and tumor-suppressive activity of neurofibromin 2. Nat. Commun. 9, 1338 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"52284_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.09.077","volume":"493","author":"W Xing","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xing, W. et al. The conformation change and tumor suppressor role of Merlin are both independent of Serine 518 phosphorylation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 493, 46\u201351 (2017).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"52284_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lucas, C.-H. et al. Spatial genomic, biochemical, and cellular mechanisms drive meningioma heterogeneity and evolution. Nat. Genet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-024-01747-1 (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-024-01747-1"},{"key":"52284_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00041","volume":"7","author":"JM Duarte-Carvajalino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Duarte-Carvajalino, J. M., Sapiro, G., Harel, N. & Lenglet, C. A framework for linear and non-linear registration of diffusion-weighted MRIs using angular interpolation. Front. Neurosci. 7, 41 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-52284-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-52284-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-52284-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T11:04:04Z","timestamp":1725879844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-52284-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["52284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-52284-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2577844\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"7873"}}