{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T08:37:12Z","timestamp":1794559032489,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006012","name":"Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Christian Doppler Laboratory for Solid-State batteries"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Christian Doppler Laboratory for Solid-State batteries"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006012","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101103834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101103834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101116911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101116911"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101103834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101103834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101103834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101103834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ASSESS P1.10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASSESS P1.10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Lithium dendrite growth in inorganic solid-state electrolytes acts as a main stumbling block for the commercial development of all-solid-state lithium batteries. Indeed, Li dendrites often lead to solid-state electrolyte fractures, undermining device integrity and safety. Despite the significance of these issues, the mechanisms driving the solid-state electrolyte fracture process at the microscopic level remain poorly understood. Here, via operando optical and ex situ dark field X-ray microscopy measurements of LiSn\u2223single-crystal Li\n                    <jats:sub>6.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    La\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    Zr\n                    <jats:sub>1.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    Ta\n                    <jats:sub>0.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2223LiSn symmetric cells, we provide insights into solid-state electrolyte strain patterns and lattice orientation changes associated with dendrite growth. We report the observation of dislocations in the immediate vicinity of dendrite tips, including one instance where a dislocation is anchored directly to a tip. This latter occurrence in single-crystalline ceramics suggests an interplay between dendrite proliferation and dislocation formation. We speculate that the mechanical stress induced by dendrite expansion triggers dislocation generation. These dislocations seem to influence the fracture process, potentially affecting the directional growth and branching observed in lithium dendrites.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52412-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T13:01:59Z","timestamp":1726664519000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Understanding the origin of lithium dendrite branching in Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 solid-state electrolyte via microscopy measurements"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4969-0685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Can","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Flatscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1328-1617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen","family":"Ganschow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Lassnig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1917-4978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Gammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juraj","family":"Todt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4770-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jozef","family":"Keckes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2074-941X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Rettenwander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"52412_CR1","unstructured":"Popov, K. I., Djoki\u0107, S. S. & Grgur, B. N. Surface morphology of metal electrodeposits. Fundamental Aspects of Electrometallurgy, 29\u2013100 (2002)."},{"key":"52412_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay8672","volume":"366","author":"J Xiao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiao, J. How lithium dendrites form in liquid batteries. Science 366, 426\u2013427 (2019).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"52412_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22201","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b05185","volume":"10","author":"P Shi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shi, P. et al. Lithium difluorophosphate as a dendrite-suppressing additive for lithium metal batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. interfaces 10, 22201\u201322209 (2018).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. interfaces"},{"key":"52412_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2019.02.026","volume":"23","author":"G Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, G. et al. Suppressing dendrite growth by a functional electrolyte additive for robust li metal anodes. Energy Storage Mater. 23, 701\u2013706 (2019).","journal-title":"Energy Storage Mater."},{"key":"52412_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6648","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CC02280A","volume":"54","author":"L Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, L., Li, S. & Lu, Y. Suppression of dendritic lithium growth in lithium metal-based batteries. Chem. Commun. 54, 6648\u20136661 (2018).","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"52412_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2014.09.026","volume":"272","author":"H Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang, H., Fey, E. O., Trimm, B. D., Dimitrov, N. & Whittingham, M. S. Effects of pulse plating on lithium electrodeposition, morphology and cycling efficiency. J. Power Sources 272, 900\u2013908 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"52412_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.5b03854","volume":"28","author":"S Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu, S. et al. Elastic properties of the solid electrolyte li7la3zr2o12 (llzo). Chem. Mater. 28, 197\u2013206 (2016).","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"52412_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3066","volume":"10","author":"N Kamaya","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kamaya, N. et al. A lithium superionic conductor. Nat. Mater. 10, 682\u2013686 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"52412_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106057","volume":"86","author":"C Yuan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuan, C. et al. Coupled crack propagation and dendrite growth in solid electrolyte of all-solid-state battery. Nano Energy 86, 106057 (2021).","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"52412_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.8b00249","volume":"3","author":"F Shen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shen, F., Dixit, M. B., Xiao, X. & Hatzell, K. B. Effect of pore connectivity on li dendrite propagation within llzo electrolytes observed with synchrotron x-ray tomography. ACS Energy Lett. 3, 1056\u20131061 (2018).","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"52412_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701003","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201701003","volume":"7","author":"L Porz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Porz, L. et al. Mechanism of lithium metal penetration through inorganic solid electrolytes. Adv. Energy Mater. 7, 1701003 (2017).","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"52412_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.02.032","volume":"38","author":"A-N Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, A.-N. et al. Mechanical properties of the solid electrolyte al-substituted li7la3zr2o12 (llzo) by utilizing micro-pillar indentation splitting test. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 38, 3201\u20133209 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Eur. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"52412_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-018-0312-z","volume":"4","author":"F Han","year":"2019","unstructured":"Han, F. et al. High electronic conductivity as the origin of lithium dendrite formation within solid electrolytes. Nat. Energy 4, 187\u2013196 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"key":"52412_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1615733114","volume":"114","author":"C Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu, C., Ahmad, Z., Aryanfar, A., Viswanathan, V. & Greer, J. R. Enhanced strength and temperature dependence of mechanical properties of li at small scales and its implications for li metal anodes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 114, 57\u201361 (2017).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"52412_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.105744","volume":"82","author":"S Hao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hao, S. et al. Tracking lithium penetration in solid electrolytes in 3d by in-situ synchrotron x-ray computed tomography. Nano Energy 82, 105744 (2021).","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"52412_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-021-00967-8","volume":"20","author":"Z Ning","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ning, Z. et al. Visualizing plating-induced cracking in lithium-anode solid-electrolyte cells. Nat. Mater. 20, 1121\u20131129 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"52412_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A3648","DOI":"10.1149\/2.1391814jes","volume":"165","author":"T Swamy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Swamy, T. et al. Lithium metal penetration induced by electrodeposition through solid electrolytes: example in single-crystal li6la3zrtao12garnet. J. Electrochem. Soc. 165, A3648\u2013A3655 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"52412_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2019.12.036","volume":"186","author":"CD Fincher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fincher, C. D., Ojeda, D., Zhang, Y., Pharr, G. M. & Pharr, M. Mechanical properties of metallic lithium: from nano to bulk scales. Acta Materialia 186, 215\u2013222 (2020).","journal-title":"Acta Materialia"},{"key":"52412_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-019-0438-9","volume":"18","author":"J Kasemchainan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kasemchainan, J. et al. Critical stripping current leads to dendrite formation on plating in lithium anode solid electrolyte cells. Nat. Mater. 18, 1105\u20131111 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"52412_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14265","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TA04974C","volume":"8","author":"RH Brugge","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brugge, R. H. et al. The origin of chemical inhomogeneity in garnet electrolytes and its impact on the electrochemical performance. J. Mater. Chem. A 8, 14265\u201314276 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"52412_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2019.06.013","volume":"3","author":"T Krauskopf","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krauskopf, T. et al. Lithium-metal growth kinetics on llzo garnet-type solid electrolytes. Joule 3, 2030\u20132049 (2019).","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"52412_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2102825","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202102825","volume":"12","author":"BS Vishnugopi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vishnugopi, B. S. et al. Mesoscale interrogation reveals mechanistic origins of lithium filaments along grain boundaries in inorganic solid electrolytes. Adv. Energy Mater. 12, 2102825 (2022).","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"52412_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38151","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b17223","volume":"10","author":"S Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu, S. & Siegel, D. J. Grain boundary softening: a potential mechanism for lithium metal penetration through stiff solid electrolytes. ACS Appl. Mater. interfaces 10, 38151\u201338158 (2018).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. interfaces"},{"key":"52412_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2021.07.023","volume":"41","author":"W Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo, W. et al. In-situ optical observation of li growth in garnet-type solid state electrolyte. Energy Storage Mater. 41, 791\u2013797 (2021).","journal-title":"Energy Storage Mater."},{"key":"52412_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2219(98)00294-5","volume":"19","author":"F Ernst","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ernst, F., Kienzle, O. & R\u00fchle, M. Structure and composition of grain boundaries in ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 19, 665\u2013673 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Eur. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"52412_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2020.227989","volume":"456","author":"S Shishvan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shishvan, S., Fleck, N., McMeeking, R. & Deshpande, V. Dendrites as climbing dislocations in ceramic electrolytes: Initiation of growth. J. Power Sources 456, 227989 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"52412_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porz, L. et al. Dislocation-toughened ceramics. Mater. Horizons 8 (2021).","DOI":"10.1039\/D0MH02033H"},{"key":"52412_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88370-w","volume":"11","author":"L Porz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Porz, L. et al. Dislocations in ceramic electrolytes for solid-state li batteries. Sci. Rep. 11, 8949 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"52412_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultramic.2013.06.009","volume":"134","author":"L Jin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jin, L., Guo, X. & Jia, C. Tem study of< 110>-type 35.26\u00b0 dislocations specially induced by polishing of srtio3 single crystals. Ultramicroscopy 134, 77\u201385 (2013).","journal-title":"Ultramicroscopy"},{"key":"52412_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201408124","volume":"54","author":"C Ma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ma, C. et al. Excellent stability of a lithium-ion-conducting solid electrolyte upon reversible li+\/h+ exchange in aqueous solutions. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54, 129\u2013133 (2015).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"52412_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927620022783","volume":"26","author":"H Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng, H., Cui, J. & He, K. A new cryo-fib-tem approach for damage-free characterization of garnet electrolytes in solid-state batteries. Microsc. Microanalysis 26, 2784\u20132785 (2020).","journal-title":"Microsc. Microanalysis"},{"key":"52412_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7098","volume":"6","author":"H Simons","year":"2015","unstructured":"Simons, H. et al. Dark field x-ray microscopy for multiscale structural characterization. Nat. Commun. 6, 6098 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"52412_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012007","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/580\/1\/012007","volume":"580","author":"M Kutsal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kutsal, M. et al. The esrf dark-field x-ray microscope at id06. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 580, 012007 (2019).","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"52412_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1557\/mrs.2020.89","volume":"45","author":"C Yildirim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yildirim, C., Cook, P., Detlefs, C., Simons, H. & Poulsen, H. F. Probing nanoscale structure and strain by dark-field x-ray microscopy. MRS Bull. 45, 277\u2013282 (2020).","journal-title":"MRS Bull."},{"key":"52412_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4570","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c00315","volume":"21","author":"Y Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun, Y. et al. X-ray nanoimaging of crystal defects in single grains of solid-state electrolyte li7\u20133 x al x la3zr2o12. Nano Lett. 21, 4570\u20134576 (2021).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"52412_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30767-w","volume":"13","author":"C Yildirim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yildirim, C. et al. Extensive 3d mapping of dislocation structures in bulk aluminum. Sci. Rep. 13, 3834 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"52412_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1002\/ces2.10150","volume":"4","author":"L Porz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Porz, L. 60 years of dislocations in ceramics: a conceptual framework for dislocation mechanics in ceramics. Int. J. Ceram. Eng. Sci. 4, 214\u2013239 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Ceram. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"52412_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2016.10.048","volume":"468","author":"C Guguschev","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guguschev, C. et al. Top-seeded solution growth of srtio3 single crystals virtually free of mosaicity. J. Cryst. Growth 468, 305\u2013310 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth"},{"key":"52412_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2020.02.008","volume":"2","author":"E Kazyak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kazyak, E. et al. Li penetration in ceramic solid electrolytes: operando microscopy analysis of morphology, propagation, and reversibility. Matter 2, 1025\u20131048 (2020).","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"52412_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37476-y","volume":"14","author":"V Reisecker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reisecker, V. et al. Effect of pulse-current-based protocols on the lithium dendrite formation and evolution in all-solid-state batteries. Nat. Commun. 14, 2432 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"52412_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst10100933","volume":"10","author":"X Fang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fang, X., Porz, L., Ding, K. & Nakamura, A. Bridging the gap between bulk compression and indentation test on room-temperature plasticity in oxides: case study on srtio3. Crystals 10, 933 (2020).","journal-title":"Crystals"},{"key":"52412_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9201(98)00110-1","volume":"108","author":"V Voegel\u00e9","year":"1998","unstructured":"Voegel\u00e9, V., Ando, J., Cordier, P. & Liebermann, R. Plastic deformation of silicate garnets: I. high-pressure experiments. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 108, 305\u2013318 (1998).","journal-title":"Phys. Earth Planet. Inter."},{"key":"52412_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32732-z","volume":"13","author":"H Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao, H. et al. Visualizing the failure of solid electrolyte under gpa-level interface stress induced by lithium eruption. Nat. Commun. 13, 5050 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"52412_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EE01864F","volume":"12","author":"A Jana","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jana, A., Woo, S. I., Vikrant, K. & Garc\u00eda, R. E. Electrochemomechanics of lithium dendrite growth. Energy Environ. Sci. 12, 3595\u20133607 (2019).","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"52412_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10008-022-05316-6","volume":"27","author":"Z Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, Z. et al. Chemo-mechanical coupling phase-field modeling of lithium dendrite growth within solid electrolyte. J. Solid State Electrochem. 27, 245\u2013253 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Solid State Electrochem."},{"key":"52412_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2019.100921","volume":"26","author":"W Mu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mu, W., Liu, X., Wen, Z. & Liu, L. Numerical simulation of the factors affecting the growth of lithium dendrites. J. Energy Storage 26, 100921 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"52412_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rabier, J. & Garem, H. Plastic deformation of oxides with garnet structure. In Deformation of ceramic materials II, 187\u2013198 (Springer, 1984).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-6802-5_13"},{"key":"52412_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2020.10.009","volume":"4","author":"Y Qi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qi, Y., Ban, C. & Harris, S. J. A new general paradigm for understanding and preventing li metal penetration through solid electrolytes. Joule 4, 2599\u20132608 (2020).","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"52412_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.08.048","volume":"39","author":"M Biesuz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Biesuz, M. & Sglavo, V. M. Flash sintering of ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 39, 115\u2013143 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Eur. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"52412_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1557\/s43577-020-00014-y","volume":"46","author":"XL Phuah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Phuah, X. L. et al. Defects in flash-sintered ceramics and their effects on mechanical properties. MRS Bull. 46, 44\u201351 (2021).","journal-title":"MRS Bull."},{"key":"52412_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1039\/D2MH00177B","volume":"9","author":"L Porz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Porz, L. et al. Blacklight sintering of ceramics. Mater. Horiz. 9, 1717\u20131726 (2022).","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"52412_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30260-4","volume":"13","author":"Y Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han, Y. et al. Ultra-dense dislocations stabilized in high entropy oxide ceramics. Nat. Commun. 13, 2871 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"52412_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35287-1","volume":"13","author":"S-K Jung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jung, S.-K. et al. Unlocking the hidden chemical space in cubic-phase garnet solid electrolyte for efficient quasi-all-solid-state lithium batteries. Nat. Commun. 13, 7638 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"52412_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq1346","volume":"378","author":"Y Zeng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeng, Y. et al. High-entropy mechanism to boost ionic conductivity. Science 378, 1320\u20131324 (2022).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"52412_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2019.06.017","volume":"3","author":"MJ Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, M. J., Choudhury, R. & Sakamoto, J. Characterizing the li-solid-electrolyte interface dynamics as a function of stack pressure and current density. Joule 3, 2165\u20132178 (2019).","journal-title":"Joule"}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-52412-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-52412-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-52412-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T17:01:34Z","timestamp":1726938094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-52412-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["52412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-52412-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"8207"}}