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The REEP1 subfamily, consisting of four proteins in mammals (REEP1-4), is less abundant and lack a N-terminal region. Mutations in REEP1 and REEP2 cause Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia, but the function of these four REEP proteins remains enigmatic. Here we show that REEP1-4 reside in a unique vesicular compartment and identify features that determine their localization. Mutations in REEP1-4 that compromise curvature generation, including those causing disease, relocalize the proteins to the bulk ER. These mutants interact with wild-type proteins to retain them in the ER, consistent with their autosomal-dominant disease inheritance. REEP1 vesicles contain the membrane fusogen atlastin-1, but not general ER proteins. We propose that REEP1-4 generate these vesicles themselves by budding from the ER, and that they cycle back to the ER by atlastin-mediated fusion. The vesicles may serve to regulate ER tubule dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52901-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T15:01:32Z","timestamp":1728140492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The membrane curvature-inducing REEP1-4 proteins generate an ER-derived vesicular compartment"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2089-0471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoko","family":"Shibata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily E.","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1876-0326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Buyan","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4291-413X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao A.","family":"Paulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7626-0034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven P.","family":"Gygi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suyog","family":"Chavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8972-1223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. 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