{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T04:16:38Z","timestamp":1793506598732,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81972777, 82373300, 81972810, and 82272999."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81972777, 82373300, 81972810, and 82272999."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53704-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T13:45:49Z","timestamp":1730295949000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Perioperative Tislelizumab plus intensity modulated radiotherapy in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma with macrovascular invasion: a phase II trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liuyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ningjia","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riming","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8464-3454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiping","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0394-2864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0946-6881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"53704_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung, H. et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 71, 209\u2013249 (2021).","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"53704_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7289","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i32.7289","volume":"22","author":"SL Chan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chan, S. L., Chong, C. C., Chan, A. W., Poon, D. M. & Chok, K. S. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis: Review and update at 2016. World J. Gastroenterol. 22, 7289\u20137300 (2016).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"53704_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915745","volume":"382","author":"RS Finn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Finn, R. S. et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 382, 1894\u20131905 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"53704_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00573-2","volume":"19","author":"JM Llovet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Llovet, J. M. et al. Immunotherapies for hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 19, 151\u2013172 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-017-9799-9","volume":"11","author":"M Omata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Omata, M. et al. Asia-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update. Hepatol. Int. 11, 317\u2013370 (2017).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int"},{"key":"53704_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1159\/000509424","volume":"9","author":"J Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou, J. et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (2019 Edition). Liver Cancer 9, 682\u2013720 (2020).","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"key":"53704_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.44.1659","volume":"31","author":"A Bujold","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bujold, A. et al. Sequential phase I and II trials of stereotactic body radiotherapy for locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 31, 1631\u20131639 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70082-8","volume":"10","author":"SC Formenti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Formenti, S. C. & Demaria, S. Systemic effects of local radiotherapy. Lancet Oncol. 10, 718\u2013726 (2009).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000686","volume":"10","author":"ME Daly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Daly, M. E., Monjazeb, A. M. & Kelly, K. Clinical trials integrating immunotherapy and radiation for non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Thorac. Oncol. 10, 1685\u20131693 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30391-X","volume":"9","author":"W Theelen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Theelen, W. et al. Pembrolizumab with or without radiotherapy for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: a pooled analysis of two randomised trials. Lancet Respir. Med. 9, 467\u2013475 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med"},{"key":"53704_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.1478","volume":"5","author":"W Theelen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Theelen, W. et al. Effect of pembrolizumab after stereotactic body radiotherapy vs pembrolizumab alone on tumor response in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: results of the PEMBRO-RT Phase 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 5, 1276\u20131282 (2019).","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4088","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-2592","volume":"29","author":"Y Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu, Y. et al. Efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy combined with camrelizumab and apatinib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus. Clin. Cancer Res. 29, 4088\u20134097 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res"},{"key":"53704_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00395-0","volume":"18","author":"JM Llovet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Llovet, J. M. et al. Locoregional therapies in the era of molecular and immune treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 18, 293\u2013313 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"53704_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1159\/000503685","volume":"9","author":"S Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng, S. et al. Chinese expert consensus on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus (2018 Edition). Liver Cancer 9, 28\u201340 (2020).","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"key":"53704_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-012-1188-0","volume":"138","author":"T Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang, T. et al. Surgical resection for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma according to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging. J. Cancer Res Clin. Oncol. 138, 1121\u20131129 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.02184","volume":"37","author":"X Wei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wei, X. et al. Neoadjuvant three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: a randomized, open-label, multicenter controlled study. J. Clin. Oncol. 37, 2141\u20132151 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01286-z","volume":"80","author":"A Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee, A. & Keam, S. J. Tislelizumab: first approval. Drugs 80, 617\u2013624 (2020).","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"53704_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-018-2160-x","volume":"67","author":"T Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, T. et al. The binding of an anti-PD-1 antibody to FcgammaRIota has a profound impact on its biological functions. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 67, 1079\u20131090 (2018).","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"53704_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.4003","volume":"9","author":"S Qin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qin, S. et al. Tislelizumab vs sorafenib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 9, 1651\u20131659 (2023).","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e498","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00007-8","volume":"16","author":"AB Sharabi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sharabi, A. B., Lim, M., DeWeese, T. L. & Drake, C. G. Radiation and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy: radiosensitisation and potential mechanisms of synergy. Lancet Oncol. 16, e498\u2013e509 (2015).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0046-7","volume":"15","author":"WL Hwang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hwang, W. L., Pike, L. R. G., Royce, T. J., Mahal, B. A. & Loeffler, J. S. Safety of combining radiotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibition. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 15, 477\u2013494 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.2301","volume":"7","author":"SK Jabbour","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jabbour, S. K. et al. Pembrolizumab plus concurrent chemoradiation therapy in patients with unresectable, locally advanced, stage iii non-small cell lung cancer: the phase 2 KEYNOTE-799 nonrandomized trial. JAMA Oncol. 7, 1\u20139 (2021).","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-020-01058-4","volume":"23","author":"A Sasaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sasaki, A. et al. Enhanced tumor response to radiotherapy after PD-1 blockade in metastatic gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 23, 893\u2013903 (2020).","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"key":"53704_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01157","volume":"9","author":"CL Chiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chiang, C. L., Chan, A. C. Y., Chiu, K. W. H. & Kong, F. S. Combined stereotactic body radiotherapy and checkpoint inhibition in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a potential synergistic treatment strategy. Front Oncol. 9, 1157 (2019).","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47420-3","volume":"15","author":"Z Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, Z. et al. Neoadjuvant tislelizumab plus stereotactic body radiotherapy and adjuvant tislelizumab in early-stage resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: the Notable-HCC phase 1b trial. Nat. Commun. 15, 3260 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"53704_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-024-00868-0","volume":"21","author":"JM Llovet","year":"2024","unstructured":"Llovet, J. M. et al. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 21, 294\u2013311 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5458","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-1258","volume":"74","author":"SJ Dovedi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dovedi, S. J. et al. Acquired resistance to fractionated radiotherapy can be overcome by concurrent PD-L1 blockade. Cancer Res 74, 5458\u20135468 (2014).","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"53704_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2020.11.024","volume":"151","author":"C Faivre-Finn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Faivre-Finn, C. et al. Impact of prior chemoradiotherapy-related variables on outcomes with durvalumab in unresectable Stage III NSCLC (PACIFIC). Lung Cancer 151, 30\u201338 (2021).","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"53704_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab129","volume":"23","author":"S Scoccianti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scoccianti, S. et al. Immunotherapy in association with stereotactic radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases: results from a multicentric retrospective study on behalf of AIRO. Neuro Oncol. 23, 1750\u20131764 (2021).","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100991","volume":"6","author":"BH Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, B. H. et al. Concurrent nivolumab and external beam radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with macrovascular invasion: a phase II study. JHEP Rep. 6, 100991 (2024).","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"53704_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e922","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyae048","volume":"29","author":"CW Su","year":"2024","unstructured":"Su, C. W. et al. Concurrent atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and high-dose external beam radiotherapy for highly advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncologist 29, e922\u2013e931 (2024).","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"53704_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.044","volume":"65","author":"T Kokudo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kokudo, T. et al. Survival benefit of liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with portal vein invasion. J. Hepatol. 65, 938\u2013943 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"53704_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.26561","volume":"118","author":"ZW Peng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peng, Z. W. et al. Hepatic resection versus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus. Cancer 118, 4725\u20134736 (2012).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"53704_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1159\/000514313","volume":"10","author":"XD Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu, X. D. et al. Downstaging and resection of initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with tyrosine kinase inhibitor and anti-PD-1 antibody combinations. Liver Cancer 10, 320\u2013329 (2021).","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"key":"53704_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00385-X","volume":"7","author":"TU Marron","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marron, T. U. et al. Neoadjuvant cemiplimab for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 7, 219\u2013229 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"53704_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, Y., et al. Efficacy and safety of camrelizumab plus apatinib during the perioperative period in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a single-arm, open label, phase II clinical trial. J Immunother Cancer 10(2022).","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-004656"},{"key":"53704_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00427-1","volume":"7","author":"AO Kaseb","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaseb, A. O. et al. Perioperative nivolumab monotherapy versus nivolumab plus ipilimumab in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 7, 208\u2013218 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"53704_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-021-00234-4","volume":"2","author":"WJ Ho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ho, W. J. et al. Neoadjuvant cabozantinib and nivolumab converts locally advanced HCC into resectable disease with enhanced antitumor immunity. Nat. Cancer 2, 891\u2013903 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"53704_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2015.009407","volume":"12","author":"M Dhir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dhir, M. & Sasson, A. R. Surgical management of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. J. Oncol. Pr. 12, 33\u201339 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Oncol. Pr."},{"key":"53704_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046584","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1046584","volume":"12","author":"Y Yi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yi, Y. et al. Lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 therapy represents a feasible conversion resection strategy for patients with initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective study. Front Oncol. 12, 1046584 (2022).","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00339-9","volume":"8","author":"CL Chiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chiang, C. L. et al. Sequential transarterial chemoembolisation and stereotactic body radiotherapy followed by immunotherapy as conversion therapy for patients with locally advanced, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (START-FIT): a single-arm, phase 2 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 8, 169\u2013178 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"53704_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S104","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.022","volume":"127","author":"AM Di Bisceglie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Di Bisceglie, A. M. Issues in screening and surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 127, S104\u2013S107 (2004).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"53704_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-022-10358-z","volume":"16","author":"T Hatanaka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hatanaka, T. et al. Prognostic impact of C-reactive protein and alpha-fetoprotein in immunotherapy score in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab: a multicenter retrospective study. Hepatol. Int 16, 1150\u20131160 (2022).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int"},{"key":"53704_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, P. C., et al. Predictors of Response and Survival in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Treated Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 12 (2020).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12010182"},{"key":"53704_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15935","volume":"44","author":"J Cheon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheon, J. et al. Organ-specific responses to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicentre, retrospective study. Liver Int 44, 1961\u20131970 (2024).","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"53704_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1159\/000505933","volume":"43","author":"HY Kuo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuo, H. Y. et al. Impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without a combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on organ-specific efficacy and macrovascular invasion in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol. Res Treat. 43, 211\u2013220 (2020).","journal-title":"Oncol. Res Treat."},{"key":"53704_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1159\/000501275","volume":"8","author":"LC Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu, L. C. et al. Differential organ-specific tumor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer 8, 480\u2013490 (2019).","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"key":"53704_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1713263","volume":"380","author":"A Villanueva","year":"2019","unstructured":"Villanueva, A. Hepatocellular carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 380, 1450\u20131462 (2019).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"53704_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.019","volume":"69","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver.","year":"2018","unstructured":"European Association for the Study of the Liver. Electronic address, e.e.e. & European Association for the Study of the, L. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatol. 69, 182\u2013236 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"53704_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.10.029","volume":"66","author":"AG Duffy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duffy, A. G. et al. Tremelimumab in combination with ablation in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatol. 66, 545\u2013551 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"53704_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18151","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4098","volume":"6","author":"GQ Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhu, G. Q. et al. Optimal adjuvant therapy for resected hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review with network meta-analysis. Oncotarget 6, 18151\u201318161 (2015).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"53704_CR52","unstructured":"Qin, S., et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus active surveillance in patients with resected or ablated high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma (IMbrave050): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet (2023)."},{"key":"53704_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02786-7","volume":"30","author":"K Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, K. et al. Adjuvant sintilimab in resected high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized, controlled, phase 2 trial. Nat. Med. 30, 708\u2013715 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"key":"53704_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00360-4","volume":"38","author":"H Imamura","year":"2003","unstructured":"Imamura, H. et al. Risk factors contributing to early and late phase intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. J. Hepatol. 38, 200\u2013207 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"53704_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.12.025","volume":"133","author":"HK Byun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Byun, H. K. et al. Dose escalation by intensity modulated radiotherapy in liver-directed concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced BCLC stage C hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiother. Oncol. 133, 1\u20138 (2019).","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2012.00153","volume":"2","author":"S Demaria","year":"2012","unstructured":"Demaria, S. & Formenti, S. C. Radiation as an immunological adjuvant: current evidence on dose and fractionation. Front Oncol. 2, 153 (2012).","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1159\/000530495","volume":"12","author":"J Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, J. et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer (2022 Edition). Liver Cancer 12, 405\u2013444 (2023).","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"key":"53704_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2022.4702","volume":"157","author":"F Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, F. et al. Phase 2 evaluation of neoadjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy in centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma: a nonrandomized controlled trial. JAMA Surg. 157, 1089\u20131096 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"53704_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, M., et al. Sintilimab plus bevacizumab combined with radiotherapy as first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: A multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 study. Hepatology (2024).","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000776"},{"key":"53704_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.030","volume":"76","author":"AL Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng, A. L. et al. Updated efficacy and safety data from IMbrave150: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab vs. sorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatol. 76, 862\u2013873 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"53704_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3015","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003015","volume":"95","author":"K Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, K. et al. Multimodality treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: a large-scale, multicenter, propensity mathching score analysis. Med. 95, e3015 (2016).","journal-title":"Med."},{"key":"53704_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93258","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18735","volume":"8","author":"JZ Ye","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ye, J. Z. et al. Surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus in the Asia-Pacific region beyond the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer treatment algorithms: a review and update. Oncotarget 8, 93258\u201393278 (2017).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"53704_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-5-73","volume":"5","author":"W Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang, W. et al. Prospective evaluation of microscopic extension using whole-mount preparation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Definition of clinical target volume for radiotherapy. Radiat. Oncol. 5, 73 (2010).","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"53704_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S147185","volume":"9","author":"YT Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. T. et al. Observation of different tumor motion magnitude within liver and estimate of internal motion margins in postoperative patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 9, 839\u2013848 (2017).","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"key":"53704_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The general rules for the clinical and pathological study of primary liver cancer. Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. Jpn J Surg 19, 98\u2013129 (1989).","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02471576"},{"key":"53704_CR66","unstructured":"Common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) v5.0. http:\/\/ctep.cancer.gov\/protocolDevelopment\/electronic_applications\/ctc.htm."},{"key":"53704_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae","volume":"240","author":"D Dindo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dindo, D., Demartines, N. & Clavien, P. A. Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann. Surg. 240, 205\u2013213 (2004).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"53704_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0708857","volume":"359","author":"JM Llovet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Llovet, J. M. et al. Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 359, 378\u2013390 (2008).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"53704_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30207-1","volume":"391","author":"M Kudo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kudo, M. et al. Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet 391, 1163\u20131173 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-53704-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-53704-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-53704-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T13:51:31Z","timestamp":1730296291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-53704-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["53704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-53704-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"9350"}}