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Control is largely via vaccination of small ruminant and cattle populations. Due to sociocultural and religious influences camel milk (<jats:italic>camelus dromedarius)<\/jats:italic> is widely consumed raw, while milk from other livestock species is largely boiled. To investigate the potential public health impact of <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> in camels we conduct a cross-sectional study in southern Jordan including 227 herds and 202 livestock-owning households. Here we show daily consumption of raw camel milk is associated with <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> seropositive status among the study population, OR<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub> 2.19 (95%CI 1.23\u20133.94) on multivariable analysis, highlighting the need for socioculturally appropriate control measures; targeted interventions among the camel reservoir being crucial for effective control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55737-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T18:10:32Z","timestamp":1737396632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Camel milk is a neglected source of brucellosis among rural Arab communities"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6648-9724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Holloway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Holloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain","family":"Pickett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Crook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9065-3253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline M.","family":"Cardwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imadidden","family":"Musallam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Al-Omari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Al-Majali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wail","family":"Hayajneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab","family":"Abu-Basha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Punam","family":"Mangtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Guitian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"55737_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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