{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:40:12Z","timestamp":1793742012365,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55751-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T02:09:40Z","timestamp":1735870180000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Inhalable nanovesicles loaded with a STING agonist enhance CAR-T cell activity against solid tumors in the lung"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3618-8749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianchuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9610-9240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuchen","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6135-357X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenxing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2455-6683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanxi","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7634-2141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoudeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0397-1860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanmin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4829-8390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"55751_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-1683","volume":"12","author":"RM Young","year":"2022","unstructured":"Young, R. M., Engel, N. W., Uslu, U., Wellhausen, N. & June, C. H. Next-Generation CAR T-cell Therapies. Cancer Discov. 12, 1625\u20131633 (2022).","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"55751_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00704-3","volume":"20","author":"CL Flugel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Flugel, C. L. et al. Overcoming on-target, off-tumour toxicity of CAR T cell therapy for solid tumours. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 20, 49\u201362 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"55751_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05707-3","volume":"614","author":"L Labanieh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Labanieh, L. & Mackall, C. L. CAR immune cells: design principles, resistance and the next generation. Nature 614, 635\u2013648 (2023).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"55751_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00832-4","volume":"21","author":"SM Albelda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Albelda, S. M. CAR T cell therapy for patients with solid tumours: key lessons to learn and unlearn. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 21, 47\u201366 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"55751_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00189-2","volume":"20","author":"AJ Hou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hou, A. J., Chen, L. C. & Chen, Y. Y. Navigating CAR-T cells through the solid-tumour microenvironment. Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov. 20, 531\u2013550 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov."},{"key":"55751_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44310-y","volume":"15","author":"E Landoni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Landoni, E. et al. IL-12 reprograms CAR-expressing natural killer T cells to long-lived Th1-polarized cells with potent antitumor activity. Nat. Commun. 15, 89 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"55751_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42619-2","volume":"14","author":"D Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee, D. et al. Unlocking the potential of allogeneic Vdelta2 T cells for ovarian cancer therapy through CD16 biomarker selection and CAR\/IL-15 engineering. Nat. Commun. 14, 6942 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"55751_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav8692","volume":"365","author":"L Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma, L. et al. Enhanced CAR-T cell activity against solid tumors by vaccine boosting through the chimeric receptor. Science 365, 162\u2013168 (2019).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"55751_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02612-0","volume":"29","author":"A Mackensen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mackensen, A. et al. CLDN6-specific CAR-T cells plus amplifying RNA vaccine in relapsed or refractory solid tumors: the phase 1 BNT211-01 trial. Nat. Med. 29, 2844\u20132853 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"55751_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg5841","volume":"7","author":"EA Ogunnaike","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ogunnaike, E. A. et al. Fibrin gel enhances the antitumor effects of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in glioblastoma. Sci. Adv. 7, eabg5841 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"55751_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20599-x","volume":"12","author":"G Agliardi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agliardi, G. et al. Intratumoral IL-12 delivery empowers CAR-T cell immunotherapy in a pre-clinical model of glioblastoma. Nat. Commun. 12, 444 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"55751_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-022-00875-5","volume":"6","author":"C Jin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jin, C., Ma, J., Ramachandran, M., Yu, D. & Essand, M. CAR T cells expressing a bacterial virulence factor trigger potent bystander antitumour responses in solid cancers. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 6, 830\u2013841 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"55751_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29647-0","volume":"13","author":"H Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, H. et al. Targeting brain lesions of non-small cell lung cancer by enhancing CCL2-mediated CAR-T cell migration. Nat. Commun. 13, 2154 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"55751_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02593-0","volume":"29","author":"JJ Luke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luke, J. J. et al. The PD-1- and LAG-3-targeting bispecific molecule tebotelimab in solid tumors and hematologic cancers: a phase 1 trial. Nat. Med. 29, 2814\u20132824 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"55751_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00781-2","volume":"5","author":"IC Miller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miller, I. C. et al. Enhanced intratumoural activity of CAR T cells engineered to produce immunomodulators under photothermal control. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 5, 1348\u20131359 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"55751_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4195","volume":"36","author":"S Rafiq","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rafiq, S. et al. Targeted delivery of a PD-1-blocking scFv by CAR-T cells enhances anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. Nat. Biotechnol. 36, 847\u2013856 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"55751_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-023-00148-z","volume":"2","author":"N Eckman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eckman, N., Nejatfard, A., Cavet, R., Grosskopf, A. K. & Appel, E. A. Biomaterials to enhance adoptive cell therapy. Nat. Rev. Bioeng. 2, 408\u2013424 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"key":"55751_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwae018","volume":"11","author":"Z Liao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liao, Z. et al. Lymph node-biomimetic scaffold boosts CAR-T therapy against solid tumor. Natl. Sci. Rev. 11, nwae018 (2024).","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"55751_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-024-01825-z","volume":"23","author":"J Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi, J. et al. Lyophilized lymph nodes for improved delivery of chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Nat. Mater. 23, 844\u2013853 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"55751_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-023-01073-7","volume":"8","author":"J An","year":"2024","unstructured":"An, J. et al. Enhancement of the viability of T cells electroporated with DNA via osmotic dampening of the DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 8, 149\u2013164 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"55751_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-023-01447-7","volume":"18","author":"P Dosta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dosta, P. et al. Investigation of the enhanced antitumour potency of STING agonist after conjugation to polymer nanoparticles. Nat. Nanotechnol. 18, 1351\u20131363 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"55751_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2013598118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013598118","volume":"118","author":"R Falahat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Falahat, R. et al. Epigenetic reprogramming of tumor cell-intrinsic STING function sculpts antigenicity and T cell recognition of melanoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2013598118 (2021).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"55751_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20200844","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200844","volume":"218","author":"N Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, N. et al. STING agonist promotes CAR T cell trafficking and persistence in breast cancer. J. Exp. Med. 218, e20200844 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"55751_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abn6612","volume":"8","author":"B Jneid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jneid, B. et al. Selective STING stimulation in dendritic cells primes antitumor T cell responses. Sci. Immunol. 8, eabn6612 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"55751_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2214278119","volume":"119","author":"YT Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, Y. T. et al. Tumor-targeted delivery of a STING agonist improvescancer immunotherapy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 119, e2214278119 (2022).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"55751_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37328-9","volume":"14","author":"P Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, P. et al. STING agonist-loaded, CD47\/PD-L1-targeting nanoparticles potentiate antitumor immunity and radiotherapy for glioblastoma. Nat. Commun. 14, 1610 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"55751_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-022-00468-w","volume":"3","author":"N Samson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Samson, N. & Ablasser, A. The cGAS-STING pathway and cancer. Nat. Cancer 3, 1452\u20131463 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"55751_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add8564","volume":"9","author":"L Vornholz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vornholz, L. et al. Synthetic enforcement of STING signaling in cancer cells appropriates the immune microenvironment for checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Sci. Adv. 9, eadd8564 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"55751_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38601-7","volume":"14","author":"K Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, K. et al. Gas therapy potentiates aggregation-induced emission luminogen-based photoimmunotherapy of poorly immunogenic tumors through cGAS-STING pathway activation. Nat. Commun. 14, 2950 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"55751_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y., et al. Universal STING mimic boosts antitumour immunity via preferential activation of tumour control signalling pathways. Nat. Nanotechnol. (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01624-2"},{"key":"55751_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-023-01523-y","volume":"18","author":"S Koo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Koo, S. et al. Ceria-vesicle nanohybrid therapeutic for modulation of innate and adaptive immunity in a collagen-induced arthritis model. Nat. Nanotechnol. 18, 1502\u20131514 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"55751_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-022-01098-0","volume":"17","author":"C Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, C. et al. A nanovaccine for antigen self-presentation and immunosuppression reversal as a personalized cancer immunotherapy strategy. Nat. Nanotechnol. 17, 531\u2013540 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"55751_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39181-2","volume":"14","author":"L Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. Bioinspired engineering of fusogen and targeting moiety equipped nanovesicles. Nat. Commun. 14, 3366 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"55751_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43079-4","volume":"14","author":"Z Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, Z. et al. Sphingomyelin-derived nanovesicles for the delivery of the IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat enhance metastatic and post-surgical melanoma immunotherapy. Nat. Commun. 14, 7235 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"55751_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39035-x","volume":"14","author":"M Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, M. et al. Nanovesicles loaded with a TGF-beta receptor 1 inhibitor overcome immune resistance to potentiate cancer immunotherapy. Nat. Commun. 14, 3593 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"55751_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen Y. et al. An oncolytic virus-T cell chimera for cancer immunotherapy. Nat. Biotechnol. (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-02118-7"},{"key":"55751_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202211138","volume":"35","author":"X Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. Genetically Programmable Vesicles for Enhancing CAR-T Therapy against Solid Tumors. Adv. Mater. 35, e2211138 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"55751_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.11.043","volume":"157","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao, Y. et al. Functionalized biomimetic nanoparticles combining programmed death-1\/programmed death-ligand 1 blockade with photothermal ablation for enhanced colorectal cancer immunotherapy. Acta. Biomater. 157, 451\u2013466 (2023).","journal-title":"Acta. Biomater."},{"key":"55751_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04206-3","volume":"21","author":"W Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng, W. et al. Inhalable CAR-T cell-derived exosomes as paclitaxel carriers for treating lung cancer. J. Transl. Med. 21, 383 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"55751_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16770","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c03456","volume":"17","author":"T Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu, T., Chen, Z., Jiang, G. & Huang, X. Sequential Targeting Hybrid Nanovesicles Composed of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell-Derived Exosomes and Liposomes for Enhanced Cancer Immunochemotherapy. ACS Nano 17, 16770\u201316786 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"55751_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12085","volume":"10","author":"M Kang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kang, M., Jordan, V., Blenkiron, C. & Chamley, L. W. Biodistribution of extracellular vesicles following administration into animals: A systematic review. J. Extracell. Vesicles 10, e12085 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"55751_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu M., Hu S., Yan N., Popowski K. D., Cheng K. Inhalable extracellular vesicle delivery of IL-12 mRNA to treat lung cancer and promote systemic immunity. Nat. Nanotechnol. (2024).","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-SITC2024.1117"},{"key":"55751_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1021\/bc100261d","volume":"21","author":"CA Boswell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boswell, C. A. et al. Effects of charge on antibody tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics. Bioconjug. Chem. 21, 2153\u20132163 (2010).","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"key":"55751_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00373","volume":"19","author":"P Gupta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gupta, P. et al. Antibodies with weakly basic isoelectric points minimize trade-offs between formulation and physiological colloidal properties. Mol. Pharm. 19, 775\u2013787 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"55751_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19420862.2021.1993769","volume":"13","author":"S Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, S., Verma, A., Kettenberger, H., Richter, W. F. & Shah, D. K. Effect of variable domain charge on in vitro and in vivo disposition of monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 13, 1993769 (2021).","journal-title":"MAbs"},{"key":"55751_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14781","volume":"112","author":"TJ Miller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miller, T. J. et al. PD-L1+ dendritic cells in the tumor microenvironment correlate with good prognosis and CD8+ T cell infiltration in colon cancer. Cancer Sci. 112, 1173\u20131183 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"55751_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0676-7","volume":"21","author":"J Lai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lai, J. et al. Adoptive cellular therapy with T cells expressing the dendritic cell growth factor Flt3L drives epitope spreading and antitumor immunity. Nat. Immunol. 21, 914\u2013926 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"55751_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-024-05191-6","volume":"81","author":"G Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, G. et al. cGAS-STING pathway mediates activation of dendritic cell sensing of immunogenic tumors. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 81, 149 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"55751_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.100523","volume":"296","author":"KM McAndrews","year":"2021","unstructured":"McAndrews, K. M., Che, S. P. Y., LeBleu, V. S. & Kalluri, R. Effective delivery of STING agonist using exosomes suppresses tumor growth and enhances antitumor immunity. J. Biol. Chem. 296, 100523 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"55751_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02004-5","volume":"4","author":"SC Jang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jang, S. C. et al. ExoSTING, an extracellular vesicle loaded with STING agonists, promotes tumor immune surveillance. Commun. Biol. 4, 497 (2021).","journal-title":"Commun. Biol"},{"key":"55751_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.08.020","volume":"13","author":"E Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, E., Phan, P. & Zhao, Z. Cellular nanovesicles for therapeutic immunomodulation: A perspective on engineering strategies and new advances. Acta Pharm. Sin. B. 13, 1789\u20131827 (2023).","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B."},{"key":"55751_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12134","volume":"10","author":"MM Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi, M. M. et al. Preclinical efficacy and clinical safety of clinical-grade nebulized allogenic adipose mesenchymal stromal cells-derived extracellular vesicles. J. Extracell Vesicles 10, e12134 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"55751_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47692-9","volume":"15","author":"U Uslu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Uslu, U. et al. The STING agonist IMSA101 enhances chimeric antigen receptor T cell function by inducing IL-18 secretion. Nat. Commun. 15, 3933 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"55751_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003351","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-003351","volume":"9","author":"E Conde","year":"2021","unstructured":"Conde, E. et al. Epitope spreading driven by the joint action of CART cells and pharmacological STING stimulation counteracts tumor escape via antigen-loss variants. J. Immunother. Cancer 9, e003351 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"55751_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2022.06.010","volume":"33","author":"EN Chin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chin, E. N., Sulpizio, A. & Lairson, L. L. Targeting STING to promote antitumor immunity. Trends Cell Biol. 33, 189\u2013203 (2023).","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"55751_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers8030036","volume":"8","author":"V Golubovskaya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Golubovskaya, V. & Wu, L. Different subsets of T cells, memory, effector functions, and CAR-T immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 8, 36 (2016).","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"55751_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.669474","volume":"12","author":"A Basu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Basu, A. et al. Differentiation and regulation of T(H) cells: a balancing act for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol. 12, 669474 (2021).","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"55751_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-020-01234-1","volume":"19","author":"C Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, C., Jiang, P., Wei, S., Xu, X. & Wang, J. Regulatory T cells in tumor microenvironment: new mechanisms, potential therapeutic strategies and future prospects. Mol. Cancer 19, 116 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"55751_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/314620","volume":"2015","author":"L Guery","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guery, L. & Hugues, S. Th17 Cell Plasticity and Functions in Cancer Immunity. Biomed. Res. Int. 2015, 314620 (2015).","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"55751_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0267-8","volume":"20","author":"DL Farber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farber, D. L. Form and function for T cells in health and disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 20, 83\u201384 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"55751_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.06.002","volume":"186","author":"L Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma, L. et al. Vaccine-boosted CAR T crosstalk with host immunity to reject tumors with antigen heterogeneity. Cell 186, 3148\u20133165 e3120 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"55751_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030799","volume":"19","author":"G Barutello","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barutello, G. et al. Strengths and weaknesses of pre-clinical models for human melanoma treatment: dawn of dogs\u2019 revolution for immunotherapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19, 799 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"55751_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50740","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.50740","volume":"9","author":"MV Guerin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guerin, M. V., Finisguerra, V., Van den Eynde, B. J., Bercovici, N. & Trautmann, A. Preclinical murine tumor models: a structural and functional perspective. Elife 9, e50740 (2020).","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"55751_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Overwijk W. W., Restifo N. P. B16 as a mouse model for human melanoma. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. Chapter 20, Unit 20 21 (2001).","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.im2001s39"},{"key":"55751_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.01.011","volume":"39","author":"EE Patton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patton, E. E. et al. Melanoma models for the next generation of therapies. Cancer Cell 39, 610\u2013631 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"55751_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01830-x","volume":"22","author":"J Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, J. et al. Target delivery of a PD-1-TREM2 scFv by CAR-T cells enhances anti-tumor efficacy in colorectal cancer. Mol. Cancer 22, 131 (2023).","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"55751_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103941","volume":"77","author":"D Gumber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gumber, D. & Wang, L. D. Improving CAR-T immunotherapy: Overcoming the challenges of T cell exhaustion. EBioMedicine 77, 103941 (2022).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"55751_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. et al. IL-10-expressing CAR T cells resist dysfunction and mediate durable clearance of solid tumors and metastases. Nat. Biotechnol. (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-02060-8"},{"key":"55751_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-023-01084-4","volume":"7","author":"X Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. Suppression of cytokine release syndrome during CAR-T-cell therapy via a subcutaneously injected interleukin-6-adsorbing hydrogel. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 7, 1129\u20131141 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"55751_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30860-0","volume":"13","author":"MY Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim, M. Y. et al. A long-acting interleukin-7, rhIL-7-hyFc, enhances CAR T cell expansion, persistence, and anti-tumor activity. Nat. Commun. 13, 3296 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"55751_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202304845","volume":"36","author":"D Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, D. et al. Tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles amplifying STING signaling pathway for cancer immunotherapy. Adv. Mater. 36, e2304845 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"55751_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40312-y","volume":"14","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. Chemically programmed STING-activating nano-liposomal vesicles improve anticancer immunity. Nat. Commun. 14, 4584 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"55751_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.07.018","volume":"56","author":"LL Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao, L. L. & Kagan, J. C. Targeting innate immune pathways for cancer immunotherapy. Immunity 56, 2206\u20132217 (2023).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"55751_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202303835","volume":"35","author":"L Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang, L. et al. Extracellular vesicles-derived hybrid nanoplatforms for amplified cd47 blockade-based cancer immunotherapy. Adv. Mater. 35, e2303835 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"55751_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4443","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c10784","volume":"18","author":"J Lai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lai, J. et al. Triple hybrid cellular nanovesicles promote cardiac repair after ischemic reperfusion. ACS Nano 18, 4443\u20134455 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"55751_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.12.027","volume":"353","author":"J Mondal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mondal, J. et al. Hybrid exosomes, exosome-like nanovesicles and engineered exosomes for therapeutic applications. J. Control Release 353, 1127\u20131149 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Control Release"},{"key":"55751_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202302131","volume":"10","author":"Q Cheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheng, Q. et al. Genetically engineered-cell-membrane nanovesicles for cancer immunotherapy. Adv. Sci. (Weinh) 10, e2302131 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)"},{"key":"55751_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.52570","volume":"11","author":"Y Liang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liang, Y., Duan, L., Lu, J. & Xia, J. Engineering exosomes for targeted drug delivery. Theranostics 11, 3183\u20133195 (2021).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"55751_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.05.027","volume":"347","author":"I Kimiz-Gebologlu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kimiz-Gebologlu, I. & Oncel, S. S. Exosomes: Large-scale production, isolation, drug loading efficiency, and biodistribution and uptake. J. Control Release 347, 533\u2013543 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Control Release"},{"key":"55751_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-10-29","volume":"10","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zheng, Z., Chinnasamy, N. & Morgan, R. A. Protein L: a novel reagent for the detection of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expression by flow cytometry. J. Transl. Med. 10, 29 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"55751_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.09.013","volume":"40","author":"X Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, X. et al. Depletion of BATF in CAR-T cells enhances antitumor activity by inducing resistance against exhaustion and formation of central memory cells. Cancer Cell 40, 1407\u20131422 e1407 (2022).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"55751_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20696-x","volume":"12","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. Low-dose decitabine priming endows CAR T cells with enhanced and persistent antitumour potential via epigenetic reprogramming. Nat. Commun. 12, 409 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"55751_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e133977","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.133977","volume":"5","author":"N Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang, N. et al. TGF-beta inhibition via CRISPR promotes the long-term efficacy of CAR T cells against solid tumors. JCI Insight 5, e133977 (2020).","journal-title":"JCI Insight"}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-55751-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-55751-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-55751-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T03:04:46Z","timestamp":1735873486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-55751-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["55751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-55751-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"262"}}