{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T06:13:18Z","timestamp":1794550398330,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01NS133434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01NS133434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01NS116137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01NS116137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01DA0593578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01DA0593578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000874","name":"Brain and Behavior Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Young Investigator Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Young Investigator Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004823","name":"State of Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM007739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM007739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM007739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM007739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5F30MH117939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5F30MH117939"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2R01MH110553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R01MH110553"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01MH125006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01MH125006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hirschl\/Monique Weill-Caulier Career Scientist"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55783-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T14:24:57Z","timestamp":1738592697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Translaminar synchronous neuronal activity is required for columnar synaptic strengthening in the mouse neocortex"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1485-6363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Vargas-Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9640-0687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vena K.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong-jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Babij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe Ran S.","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Wacks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajida","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7921-8958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Lee","family":"Soto-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5540-258X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia V.","family":"De Marco Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7530-8531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"55783_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(70)90079-X","volume":"17","author":"TA Woolsey","year":"1970","unstructured":"Woolsey, T. A. & der Loos, H. V. The structural organization of layer IV in the somatosensory region (SI) of mouse cerebral cortex. The description of a cortical field composed of discrete cytoarchitectonic units. Brain Res. 17, 205\u2013242 (1970).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"55783_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901700105","volume":"170","author":"TA Woolsey","year":"1976","unstructured":"Woolsey, T. A. & Wann, J. R. Areal changes in mouse cortical barrels following vibrissal damage at different postnatal ages. J. Comp. Neurol. 170, 53\u201366 (1976).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"55783_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fox, K. Barrel Cortex. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cbo9780511541636 (Cambridge University Press, 2008).","DOI":"10.1017\/cbo9780511541636"},{"key":"55783_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.06.043","volume":"79","author":"H Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li, H. et al. Laminar and columnar development of barrel cortex relies on thalamocortical neurotransmission. Neuron 79, 970\u2013986 (2013).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"55783_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.10.014","volume":"31","author":"JC Dooley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dooley, J. C., Sokoloff, G. & Blumberg, M. S. Movements during sleep reveal the developmental emergence of a cerebellar-dependent internal model in motor thalamus. Curr. Biol. 31, 5501\u20135511.e5 (2021).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"55783_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5584","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.11.5584","volume":"93","author":"K Fox","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fox, K., Schlaggar, B. L., Glazewski, S. & O\u2019Leary, D. D. Glutamate receptor blockade at cortical synapses disrupts development of thalamocortical and columnar organization in somatosensory cortex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 93, 5584\u20135589 (1996).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"key":"55783_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaav7617","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav7617","volume":"364","author":"N Ant\u00f3n-Bola\u00f1os","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ant\u00f3n-Bola\u00f1os, N. et al. Prenatal activity from thalamic neurons governs the emergence of functional cortical maps in mice. Science 364, eaav7617 (2019).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"55783_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1210574","volume":"334","author":"M Minlebaev","year":"2011","unstructured":"Minlebaev, M., Colonnese, M., Tsintsadze, T., Sirota, A. & Khazipov, R. Early gamma oscillations synchronize developing thalamus and cortex. Science 334, 226\u2013229 (2011).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"55783_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs103","volume":"23","author":"JW Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang, J. W. et al. Thalamic network oscillations synchronize ontogenetic columns in the newborn rat barrel cortex. Cereb. Cortex 23, 1299\u20131316 (2013).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"55783_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00759.2006","volume":"97","author":"M Minlebaev","year":"2007","unstructured":"Minlebaev, M., Ben-Ari, Y. & Khazipov, R. Network mechanisms of spindle-burst oscillations in the neonatal rat barrel cortex in vivo. J. Neurophysiol. 97, 692\u2013700 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"55783_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12851","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3733-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"C Allene","year":"2008","unstructured":"Allene, C. et al. Sequential Generation of two distinct synapse-driven network patterns in developing neocortex. J. Neurosci. 28, 12851\u201312863 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10890","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2012-09.2009","volume":"29","author":"P Golshani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Golshani, P. et al. Internally mediated developmental desynchronization of neocortical network activity. J. Neurosci. 29, 10890\u201310899 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8750","volume":"6","author":"K Kirmse","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kirmse, K. et al. GABA depolarizes immature neurons and inhibits network activity in the neonatal neocortex in vivo. Nat. Commun. 6, 7750 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"55783_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.10.008","volume":"105","author":"ZRS Duan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duan, Z. R. S. et al. GABAergic restriction of network dynamics regulates interneuron survival in the developing cortex. Neuron 105, 75\u201392.e5 (2020).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"55783_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fox, K. et al. A critical period for experience-dependent synaptic plasticity in rat barrel cortex. J. Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.12-05-01826.1992 (1992).","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.12-05-01826.1992"},{"key":"55783_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1038\/35009107","volume":"404","author":"B Lendvai","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lendvai, B., Stern, E. A., Chen, B. & Svoboda, K. Experience-dependent plasticity of dendritic spines in the developing rat barrel cortex in vivo. Nature 404, 876\u2013881 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"55783_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00598.2003","volume":"92","author":"M Maravall","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maravall, M., Stern, E. A. & Svoboda, K. Development of intrinsic properties and excitability of layer 2\/3 pyramidal neurons during a critical period for sensory maps in rat barrel cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 92, 144\u2013156 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"55783_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4166","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0176-06.2006","volume":"26","author":"VA Bender","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bender, V. A., Bender, K. J., Brasier, D. J. & Feldman, D. E. Two coincidence detectors for spike timing-dependent plasticity in somatosensory cortex. J. Neurosci. 26, 4166\u20134177 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.01.019","volume":"49","author":"RL Clem","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clem, R. L. & Barth, A. Pathway-specific trafficking of native AMPARs by in vivo experience. Neuron 49, 663\u2013670 (2006).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"55783_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11817","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3431-09.2009","volume":"29","author":"BL Benedetti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Benedetti, B. L., Glazewski, S. & Barth, A. L. Reliable and precise neuronal firing during sensory plasticity in superficial layers of primary somatosensory cortex. J. Neurosci. 29, 11817\u201311827 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4456","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6042-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"JA Wen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wen, J. A. & Barth, A. L. Input-specific critical periods for experience-dependent plasticity in layer 2\/3 pyramidal neurons. J. Neurosci. 31, 4456\u20134465 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR22","first-page":"18","volume":"11","author":"AG Blankenship","year":"2009","unstructured":"Blankenship, A. G. & Feller, M. B. Mechanisms underlying spontaneous patterned activity in developing neural circuits. Nat. Publ. Group 11, 18\u201329 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Publ. Group"},{"key":"55783_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.06.026","volume":"109","author":"FJ Martini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martini, F. J., Guillam\u00f3n-Vivancos, T., Moreno-Juan, V., Valdeolmillos, M. & L\u00f3pez-Bendito, G. Spontaneous activity in developing thalamic and cortical sensory networks. Neuron 109, 2519\u20132534 (2021).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"55783_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.10.051","volume":"84","author":"TJ Burbridge","year":"2014","unstructured":"Burbridge, T. J. et al. Visual circuit development requires patterned activity mediated by retinal acetylcholine receptors. Neuron 84, 1049\u20131064 (2014).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"55783_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.06.002","volume":"99","author":"A Che","year":"2018","unstructured":"Che, A. et al. Layer I interneurons sharpen sensory maps during neonatal development. Neuron 99, 98\u2013116.e7 (2018).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"55783_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.10.007","volume":"105","author":"L Modol","year":"2020","unstructured":"Modol, L. et al. Assemblies of perisomatic GABAergic neurons in the developing barrel cortex. Neuron 105, 93\u2013105.e4 (2020).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"55783_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Easton, C. R. et al. Distinct calcium signals in developing cortical interneurons persist despite disorganization of cortex by Tbr1 KO. Dev. Neurobiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dneu.22354 (2015).","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22354"},{"key":"55783_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/35055553","volume":"409","author":"SC Noctor","year":"2001","unstructured":"Noctor, S. C., Flint, A. C., Weissman, T. A., Dammerman, R. S. & Kriegstein, A. R. Neurons derived from radial glial cells establish radial units in neocortex. Nature 409, 714\u2013720 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"55783_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07722","volume":"458","author":"Y-C Yu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yu, Y.-C., Bultje, R. S., Wang, X. & Shi, S.-H. Specific synapses develop preferentially among sister excitatory neurons in the neocortex. Nature 458, 501\u2013504 (2009).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"55783_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9011","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5646-08.2009","volume":"29","author":"J-W Yang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yang, J.-W., Hanganu-Opatz, I. L., Sun, J.-J. & Luhmann, H. J. Three patterns of oscillatory activity differentially synchronize developing neocortical networks in vivo. J. Neurosci. 29, 9011\u20139025 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Babij, R. et al. Gabrb3 is required for the functional integration of pyramidal neuron subtypes in the somatosensory cortex. Neuron https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.037 (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.037"},{"key":"55783_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00360-9","volume":"31","author":"EA Stern","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stern, E. A., Maravall, M. & Svoboda, K. Rapid development and plasticity of layer 2\/3 maps in rat barrel cortex In Vivo. Neuron 31, 305\u2013315 (2001).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"55783_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8759","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-25-08759.2003","volume":"23","author":"KJ Bender","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bender, K. J., Rangel, J. & Feldman, D. E. Development of columnar topography in the excitatory layer 4 to layer 2\/3 projection in rat barrel cortex. J. Neurosci. 23, 8759\u20138770 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15479","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4471-09.2009","volume":"29","author":"C Zhao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhao, C., Kao, J. P. Y. & Kanold, P. O. Functional excitatory microcircuits in neonatal cortex connect thalamus and layer 4. J. Neurosci. 29, 15479\u201315488 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1538-11.2012","volume":"32","author":"EA Tolner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tolner, E. A., Sheikh, A., Yukin, A. Y., Kaila, K. & Kanold, P. O. Subplate neurons promote spindle bursts and thalamocortical patterning in the neonatal rat somatosensory cortex. J. Neurosci. 32, 692\u2013702 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR36","first-page":"4759","volume":"27","author":"S Viswanathan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Viswanathan, S., Sheikh, A., Looger, L. L. & Kanold, P. O. Molecularly defined subplate neurons project both to thalamocortical recipient layers and thalamus. Cereb. Cortex 27, 4759\u20134768 (2016).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"55783_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90236-8","volume":"14","author":"R Yuste","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yuste, R., Nelson, D. A., Rubin, W. W. & Katz, L. C. Neuronal domains in developing neocortex: mechanisms of coactivation. Neuron 14, 7\u201317 (1995).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"55783_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1502","volume":"8","author":"H Adelsberger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Adelsberger, H., Garaschuk, O. & Konnerth, A. Cortical calcium waves in resting newborn mice. Nat. Neurosci. 8, 988\u2013990 (2005).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.07.052","volume":"80","author":"ML Andermann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andermann, M. L. et al. Chronic cellular imaging of entire cortical columns in awake mice using microprisms. Neuron 80, 900\u2013913 (2013).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"55783_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moda-Sava, R. N. et al. Sustained rescue of prefrontal circuit dysfunction by antidepressant-induced spine formation. Science 364, eaat8078 (2019).","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat8078"},{"key":"55783_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.03.047","volume":"184","author":"T Spellman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spellman, T., Svei, M., Kaminsky, J., Manzano-Nieves, G. & Liston, C. Prefrontal deep projection neurons enable cognitive flexibility via persistent feedback monitoring. Cell 184, 2750\u20132766.e17 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"55783_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf3319","volume":"353","author":"A Malvache","year":"2016","unstructured":"Malvache, A., Reichinnek, S., Villette, V., Haimerl, C. & Cossart, R. Awake hippocampal reactivations project onto orthogonal neuronal assemblies. Science 353, 1280\u20131283 (2016).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"55783_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05819.x","volume":"26","author":"J-J Sun","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sun, J.-J. & Luhmann, H. J. Spatio-temporal dynamics of oscillatory network activity in the neonatal mouse cerebral cortex. Eur. J. Neurosci. 26, 1995\u20132004 (2007).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06063","volume":"448","author":"LAB Elias","year":"2007","unstructured":"Elias, L. A. B., Wang, D. D. & Kriegstein, A. R. Gap junction adhesion is necessary for radial migration in the neocortex. Nature 448, 901\u2013907 (2007).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"55783_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.12.012","volume":"22","author":"H Mizuno","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mizuno, H. et al. Patchwork-type spontaneous activity in neonatal barrel cortex layer 4 transmitted via thalamocortical projections. Cell Rep. 22, 123\u2013135 (2018).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"55783_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.04.045","volume":"30","author":"JC Dooley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dooley, J. C., Glanz, R. M., Sokoloff, G. & Blumberg, M. S. Self-generated whisker movements drive state-dependent sensory input to developing barrel cortex. Curr. Biol. 30, 2404\u20132410.e4 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"55783_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1496379","volume":"257","author":"R Yuste","year":"1992","unstructured":"Yuste, R., Peinado, A. & Katz, L. C. Neuronal domains in developing neocortex. Science 257, 665\u2013669 (1992).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"55783_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(93)90246-N","volume":"10","author":"A Peinado","year":"1993","unstructured":"Peinado, A., Yuste, R. & Katz, L. C. Extensive dye coupling between rat neocortical neurons during the period of circuit formation. Neuron 10, 103\u2013114 (1993).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"55783_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10958","volume":"486","author":"Y-C Yu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yu, Y.-C. et al. Preferential electrical coupling regulates neocortical lineage-dependent microcircuit assembly. Nature 486, 113\u2013117 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"55783_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2021.728832","volume":"15","author":"AY Gutman-Wei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gutman-Wei, A. Y. & Brown, S. P. Mechanisms underlying target selectivity for cell types and subcellular domains in developing neocortical circuits. Front Neural Circuit 15, 728832 (2021).","journal-title":"Front Neural Circuit"},{"key":"55783_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0278053","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278053","volume":"18","author":"A Tran-Van-Minh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tran-Van-Minh, A., Ye, Z. & Rancz, E. Quantitative analysis of rabies virus-based synaptic connectivity tracing. Plos One 18, e0278053 (2023).","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"55783_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-01-00549.1995","volume":"15","author":"A Agmon","year":"1995","unstructured":"Agmon, A., Yang, L. & Jones, E. & O\u2019Dowd, D. Topological precision in the thalamic projection to neonatal mouse barrel cortex. J. Neurosci. 15, 549\u2013561 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19970120)377:3<414::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-5","volume":"377","author":"DJ Price","year":"1997","unstructured":"Price, D. J., Aslam, S., Tasker, L. & Gillies, K. Fates of the earliest generated cells in the developing murine neocortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 377, 414\u2013422 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"55783_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Luhmann, H. Subplate cells: amplifiers of neuronal activity in the developing cerebral cortex. Front. Neuroanat. 3, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/neuro.05.019.2009 (2009).","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.05.019.2009"},{"key":"55783_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1992.68.4.1345","volume":"68","author":"M Armstrong-James","year":"1992","unstructured":"Armstrong-James, M., Fox, K. & Das-Gupta, A. Flow of excitation within rat barrel cortex on striking a single vibrissa. J. Neurophysiol. 68, 1345\u20131358 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"55783_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8435","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-21-08435.2001","volume":"21","author":"CCH Petersen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Petersen, C. C. H. & Sakmann, B. Functionally independent columns of rat somatosensory barrel cortex revealed with voltage-sensitive dye imaging. J. Neurosci. 21, 8435\u20138446 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-04-01298.2003","volume":"23","author":"CCH Petersen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Petersen, C. C. H., Grinvald, A. & Sakmann, B. Spatiotemporal dynamics of sensory responses in layer 2\/3 of rat barrel cortex measured in vivo by voltage-sensitive dye imaging combined with whole-cell voltage recordings and neuron reconstructions. J. Neurosci. 23, 1298\u20131309 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00557-5","volume":"84","author":"AM Thomson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thomson, A. M. & Bannister, A. P. Postsynaptic pyramidal target selection by descending layer III pyramidal axons: dual intracellular recordings and biocytin filling in slices of rat neocortex. Neuroscience 84, 669\u2013683 (1998).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"55783_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.12.020","volume":"61","author":"S Lefort","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lefort, S., Tomm, C., Sarria, J. C. F. & Petersen, C. C. H. The excitatory neuronal network of the C2 barrel column in mouse primary somatosensory cortex. Neuron 61, 301\u2013316 (2009).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"55783_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"aac9462","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac9462","volume":"350","author":"X Jiang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jiang, X. et al. Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex. Science 350, aac9462\u2013aac9462 (2015).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"55783_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4131","volume":"18","author":"LA DeNardo","year":"2015","unstructured":"DeNardo, L. A., Berns, D. S., DeLoach, K. & Luo, L. Connectivity of mouse somatosensory and prefrontal cortex examined with trans-synaptic tracing. Nat. Neurosci. 18, 1687\u20131697 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graybuck, L. T. et al. Enhancer viruses for combinatorial cell-subclass-specific labeling. Neuron 109, 1449-1464 (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.03.011"},{"key":"55783_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00894-6","volume":"24","author":"LB Krone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krone, L. B. et al. A role for the cortex in sleep\u2013wake regulation. Nat. Neurosci. 24, 1210\u20131215 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.22949","volume":"54","author":"H Zhu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhu, H. et al. Cre\u2010dependent DREADD (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs) mice. genesis 54, 439\u2013446 (2016).","journal-title":"genesis"},{"key":"55783_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2205209119","volume":"119","author":"BJ Carroll","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carroll, B. J., Sampathkumar, V., Kasthuri, N. & Sherman, S. M. Layer 5 of cortex innervates the thalamic reticular nucleus in mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 119, e2205209119 (2022).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"key":"55783_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/76656","volume":"3","author":"JL Dantzker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dantzker, J. L. & Callaway, E. M. Laminar sources of synaptic input to cortical inhibitory interneurons and pyramidal neurons. Nat. Neurosci. 3, 701\u2013707 (2000).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR67","first-page":"210","volume":"16","author":"X Jiang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jiang, X., Wang, G., Lee, A. J., Stornetta, R. L. & Zhu, J. J. The organization of two new cortical interneuronal circuits. Nat. Publ. Group 16, 210\u2013218 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Publ. Group"},{"key":"55783_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.02.004","volume":"30","author":"D Vecchia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vecchia, D. et al. Temporal sharpening of sensory responses by layer V in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex. Curr. Biol. 30, 1589\u20131599.e10 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"55783_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.02.011","volume":"109","author":"SH Bitzenhofer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bitzenhofer, S. H., P\u00f6pplau, J. A., Chini, M., Marquardt, A. & Hanganu-Opatz, I. L. A transient developmental increase in prefrontal activity alters network maturation and causes cognitive dysfunction in adult mice. Neuron 109, 1350\u20131364.e6 (2021).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"55783_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2751","volume":"14","author":"AJ Murray","year":"2011","unstructured":"Murray, A. J. et al. Parvalbumin-positive CA1 interneurons are required for spatial working but not for reference memory. Nat. Neurosci. 14, 297\u2013299 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3946","volume":"18","author":"NVDM Garc\u00eda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda, N. V. D. M., Priya, R., Tuncdemir, S. N., Fishell, G. & Karayannis, T. Sensory inputs control the integration of neurogliaform interneurons into cortical circuits. Nat. Neurosci. 18, 393\u2013401 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.09.027","volume":"60","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. V3 spinal neurons establish a robust and balanced locomotor rhythm during walking. Neuron 60, 84\u201396 (2008).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"55783_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.71103","volume":"11","author":"TA Hage","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hage, T. A. et al. Synaptic connectivity to L2\/3 of primary visual cortex measured by two-photon optogenetic stimulation. Elife 11, e71103 (2022).","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"55783_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1236425","volume":"340","author":"CM Constantinople","year":"2013","unstructured":"Constantinople, C. M. & Bruno, R. M. Deep cortical layers are activated directly by thalamus. Science 340, 1591\u20131594 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"55783_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.11.020","volume":"89","author":"SN Tuncdemir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tuncdemir, S. N. et al. Early somatostatin interneuron connectivity mediates the maturation of deep layer cortical circuits. Neuron 89, 521\u2013535 (2016).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"55783_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.01.015","volume":"89","author":"A Marques-Smith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marques-Smith, A. et al. A transient translaminar GABAergic interneuron circuit connects thalamocortical recipient layers in neonatal somatosensory cortex. Neuron 89, 536\u2013549 (2016).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"55783_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabb2153","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb2153","volume":"370","author":"Z Moln\u00e1r","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moln\u00e1r, Z., Luhmann, H. J. & Kanold, P. O. Transient cortical circuits match spontaneous and sensory-driven activity during development. Science 370, eabb2153 (2020).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"55783_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7637","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1116-20.2020","volume":"40","author":"S Nakazawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nakazawa, S., Yoshimura, Y., Takagi, M., Mizuno, H. & Iwasato, T. Developmental phase transitions in spatial organization of spontaneous activity in postnatal barrel cortex layer 4. J. Neurosci. 40, 7637\u20137650 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271891","volume":"594","author":"X Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu, X. et al. Primary visual cortex shows laminar\u2010specific and balanced circuit organization of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connectivity. J. Physiol. 594, 1891\u20131910 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"55783_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, J.-W., Reyes-Puerta, V., Kilb, W. & Luhmann, H. J. Spindle bursts in neonatal rat cerebral cortex. Neural Plast. 2016, 3467832 (2016).","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3467832"},{"key":"55783_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.12.026","volume":"22","author":"F Siegel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Siegel, F., Heimel, J. A., Peters, J. & Lohmann, C. Peripheral and central inputs shape network dynamics in the developing visual cortex in vivo. Curr. Biol. 22, 253\u2013258 (2012).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"55783_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.202382","volume":"589","author":"J Conhaim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Conhaim, J. et al. Developmental changes in propagation patterns and transmitter dependence of waves of spontaneous activity in the mouse cerebral cortex. J. Physiol. 589, 2529\u20132541 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"55783_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3854","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3811-13.2014","volume":"34","author":"CR Easton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Easton, C. R. et al. Genetic elimination of GABAergic neurotransmission reveals two distinct pacemakers for spontaneous waves of activity in the developing mouse cortex. J. Neurosci. 34, 3854\u20133863 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adn5611","volume":"384","author":"L Cai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cai, L., Argun\u015fah, A. \u00d6., Damilou, A. & Karayannis, T. A nasal chemosensation\u2013dependent critical window for somatosensory development. Science 384, 652\u2013660 (2024).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"55783_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reyes, N. S. L. et al. Transient callosal projections of L4 neurons are eliminated for the acquisition of local connectivity. Nat. Commun. 10, 4549 (2019).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12495-w"},{"key":"55783_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.08.004","volume":"109","author":"LA Ibrahim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ibrahim, L. A. et al. Bottom-up inputs are required for establishment of top-down connectivity onto cortical layer 1 neurogliaform cells. Neuron 109, 3473\u20133485.e5 (2021).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"55783_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114531","volume":"43","author":"AF Iannone","year":"2024","unstructured":"Iannone, A. F. et al. The chemokine Cxcl14 regulates interneuron differentiation in layer I of the somatosensory cortex. Cell Rep. 43, 114531 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"55783_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munz, M. et al. Pyramidal neurons form active, transient, multilayered circuits perturbed by autism-associated mutations at the inception of neocortex. Cell 186, 1930\u20131949 (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.025"},{"key":"55783_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8442","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5786-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"TY Vue","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vue, T. Y. et al. Thalamic Control of Neocortical Area Formation in Mice. J. Neurosci. 33, 8442\u20138453 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2021.747724","volume":"15","author":"A Che","year":"2021","unstructured":"Che, A. & Garc\u00eda, N. V. D. M. An in vivo calcium imaging approach for the identification of cell-type specific patterns in the developing cortex. Front Neural Circuit 15, 747724 (2021).","journal-title":"Front Neural Circuit"},{"key":"55783_CR91","unstructured":"K. Li, \u201cThe image stabilizer plugin for ImageJ,\u201d http:\/\/www.cs.cmu.edu\/~kangli\/code\/Image_Stabilizer.html (2008)."},{"key":"55783_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11529","volume":"490","author":"JB Ackman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ackman, J. B., Burbridge, T. J. & Crair, M. C. Retinal waves coordinate patterned activity throughout the developing visual system. Nature 490, 219\u2013225 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"55783_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pachitariu, M. et al. Suite2p: beyond 10,000 neurons with standard two-photon microscopy. Preprint at bioRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/061507 (2017).","DOI":"10.1101\/061507"},{"key":"55783_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706679105","volume":"105","author":"R-J Liu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liu, R.-J. & Aghajanian, G. K. Stress blunts serotonin- and hypocretin-evoked EPSCs in prefrontal cortex: role of corticosterone-mediated apical dendritic atrophy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 105, 359\u2013364 (2008).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"key":"55783_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1012","volume":"6","author":"CB Allen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Allen, C. B., Celikel, T. & Feldman, D. E. Long-term depression induced by sensory deprivation during cortical map plasticity in vivo. Nat. Neurosci. 6, 291\u2013299 (2003).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"55783_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4155","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0175-06.2006","volume":"26","author":"KJ Bender","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bender, K. J., Allen, C. B., Bender, V. A. & Feldman, D. E. Synaptic basis for whisker deprivation-induced synaptic depression in rat somatosensory cortex. J. Neurosci. 26, 4155\u20134165 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-55783-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-55783-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-55783-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T14:25:07Z","timestamp":1738592707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-55783-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["55783"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-55783-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1296"}}